1 Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Anesthesiology and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
2 Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
3 Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Anesthesiology and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.