Maxillofacial Fractures: Midface and Internal Orbit-Part I: Classification and Assessment

Facial Plast Surg. 2015 Aug;31(4):351-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1563692. Epub 2015 Sep 15.

Abstract

Fractures of the midface and internal orbit occur isolated or in combination with other injuries. Frequently, the patients are first seen in emergency rooms responsible for the coordination of initial diagnostic procedures, followed by the transfer to specialties for further treatment. It is, therefore, important for all physicians treating facial trauma patients to understand the basic principles of injuries to the midface. Thus, this article aims to describe the anatomy and the current classification systems in use, the related clinical symptoms, and the essential diagnostic measures to obtain precise information about the injury pattern.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cranial Nerve Injuries / diagnosis
  • Eye Injuries / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Maxillofacial Injuries / classification
  • Maxillofacial Injuries / diagnosis*
  • Maxillofacial Injuries / diagnostic imaging
  • Mouth / injuries
  • Nasal Cavity / injuries
  • Orbit / diagnostic imaging
  • Orbit / injuries*
  • Skull Fractures / classification
  • Skull Fractures / diagnosis*
  • Skull Fractures / diagnostic imaging
  • Symptom Assessment
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed