Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults: Executive summary of a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review
- PMID: 26401466
- PMCID: PMC4575551
- DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12055
Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults: Executive summary of a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review
Abstract
Background: Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment. A proactive management approach is recommended, including physical exercise to maintain function via modulation of muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity and levels of inflammation. The review aimed to determine the safety, acceptability and effectiveness of exercise in adults with cancer cachexia. Secondary aims, subject to the data availability, were to compare effectiveness according to the characteristics of the study intervention or population.
Methods: We sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults meeting international criteria for cancer cachexia, comparing a programme of exercise as a sole or adjunct intervention to usual care or an active control. CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, DARE and HTA, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, PEDro, SciVerse SCOPUS, Biosis Previews PreMEDLINE and Open Grey databases were searched up to June 2014. Two authors independently assessed studies for eligibility.
Results: We screened 3154 separate titles and abstracts, and reviewed 16 full-texts. Corresponding authors were contacted to determine if samples met cachexia staging criteria. Most authors did not explore this concept. No trial met review eligibility criteria. We were unable to perform a meta-analysis to determine any effects from exercise intervention.
Conclusion: Despite a strong rationale for the use of exercise, there is insufficient evidence to determine safety and effectiveness in patients with cancer cachexia. Findings from ongoing studies are awaited. Assessment of cachexia domains, ideally against international criteria, is required for future trials of exercise and supportive care interventions.
Keywords: Cachexia; Cancer; Exercise; Human; Physical activity.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 26;(11):CD010804. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010804.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 18;3:CD010804. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010804.pub3. PMID: 25424884 Updated. Review.
-
The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation.Health Technol Assess. 2009 Sep;13(41):1-190, 215-357, iii-iv. doi: 10.3310/hta13410. Health Technol Assess. 2009. PMID: 19726018 Review.
-
Exercise-based interventions for cancer cachexia: A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials.Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2023 Nov 10;10(Suppl 1):100335. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100335. eCollection 2023 Nov. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2023. PMID: 38197041 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Physical exercise training interventions for children and young adults during and after treatment for childhood cancer.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD008796. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008796.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 31;3:CD008796. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008796.pub3. PMID: 23633361 Updated. Review.
-
Can Exercise Counteract Cancer Cachexia? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Integr Cancer Ther. 2020 Jan-Dec;19:1534735420940414. doi: 10.1177/1534735420940414. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020. PMID: 32954861 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Cancer cachexia reduces the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients.Aging (Albany NY). 2024 Mar 11;16(6):5354-5369. doi: 10.18632/aging.205652. Epub 2024 Mar 11. Aging (Albany NY). 2024. PMID: 38466657 Free PMC article.
-
Impact of low skeletal muscle mass in oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with radical chemo-radiotherapy: A mono-institutional experience.Tumori. 2024 Apr;110(2):116-123. doi: 10.1177/03008916231212382. Epub 2023 Nov 17. Tumori. 2024. PMID: 37978342 Free PMC article.
-
Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions.Metabolites. 2023 Sep 20;13(9):1024. doi: 10.3390/metabo13091024. Metabolites. 2023. PMID: 37755304 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Rehabilitation Nutrition in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Cachexia.Nutrients. 2022 Nov 9;14(22):4722. doi: 10.3390/nu14224722. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 36432408 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Understanding Cancer Cachexia and Its Implications in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers.Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2022 Dec;23(12):1732-1747. doi: 10.1007/s11864-022-01028-1. Epub 2022 Oct 21. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2022. PMID: 36269458 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:489–495. - PubMed
-
- Laviano A, Meguid MM, Inui A, Muscaritoli M, Rossi-Fanelli F. Therapy insight: cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome—when all you can eat is yourself. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005;2:158–165. - PubMed
-
- Johns N, Tan BH, MacMillan M, Solheim TS, Ross JA, Baracos VE, et al. Genetic basis of interindividual susceptibility to cancer cachexia: selection of potential candidate gene polymorphisms for association studies. J Genet. 2014;93:893–916. - PubMed
-
- Fearon K, Arends J, Baracos V. Understanding the mechanisms and treatment options in cancer cachexia. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10:90–99. - PubMed
-
- Wilcock A, Maddocks M, Lewis M, England R, Manderson C. Symptoms limiting activity in cancer patients with breathlessness on exertion: ask about muscle fatigue. Thorax. 2008;63:91–92. - PubMed
Publication types
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Miscellaneous
