Smoking-induced immune deviation contributes to progression of bladder and other cancers

Jessica M Clement; Fei Duan; Pramod K Srivastava

doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1019199

Smoking-induced immune deviation contributes to progression of bladder and other cancers

Oncoimmunology. 2015 May 27;4(9):e1019199. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2015.1019199. eCollection 2015 Sep.

Authors

Jessica M Clement¹, Fei Duan², Pramod K Srivastava²

Affiliations

¹ Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Connecticut School of Medicine ; Farmington, CT, USA.
² Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Connecticut School of Medicine ; Farmington, CT, USA ; Department of Immunology; University of Connecticut School of Medicine ; Farmington, CT, USA.

Abstract

We propose here that cigarette smoke (CS), in addition to its established genotoxic effects, elicits chronic albeit sub-clinical immune suppression, which is a major contributor to cancer progression. This hypothesis, presented here primarily in the context of bladder cancers (BCs), is applicable to other cancers, including those without a confirmed link to smoking.

Keywords: CD8+ T cells; immune suppression; immune surveillance; tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.