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Review
. 2015 Oct 6;66(14):1590-1614.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050.

Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System: A Report From the Workshop Convened by the World Heart Federation

Sonia S Anand  1 , Corinna Hawkes  2 , Russell J de Souza  3 , Andrew Mente  4 , Mahshid Dehghan  4 , Rachel Nugent  5 , Michael A Zulyniak  6 , Tony Weis  7 , Adam M Bernstein  8 , Ronald M Krauss  9 , Daan Kromhout  10 , David J A Jenkins  11 , Vasanti Malik  12 , Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez  13 , Dariush Mozaffarian  14 , Salim Yusuf  4 , Walter C Willett  13 , Barry M Popkin  15
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Review

Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System: A Report From the Workshop Convened by the World Heart Federation

Sonia S Anand et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Major scholars in the field, on the basis of a 3-day consensus, created an in-depth review of current knowledge on the role of diet in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the changing global food system and global dietary patterns, and potential policy solutions. Evidence from different countries and age/race/ethnicity/socioeconomic groups suggesting the health effects studies of foods, macronutrients, and dietary patterns on CVD appear to be far more consistent though regional knowledge gaps is highlighted. Large gaps in knowledge about the association of macronutrients to CVD in low- and middle-income countries particularly linked with dietary patterns are reviewed. Our understanding of foods and macronutrients in relationship to CVD is broadly clear; however, major gaps exist both in dietary pattern research and ways to change diets and food systems. On the basis of the current evidence, the traditional Mediterranean-type diet, including plant foods and emphasis on plant protein sources provides a well-tested healthy dietary pattern to reduce CVD.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; climate change; diet; food consumption; food system; low- and middle-income countries.

Conflict of interest statement

No funding and conflicts of interest exist among the authors related to this paper.

DUALITY OF INTEREST STATEMENT

Dr. Ronald Krauss reports holding grants from the US National Dairy Council and the Almond Board of California.

Dr. Miguel Martinez reports a research contract with Danone to support research on yogurt in the SUN cohort, and a departmental grant from the International Nut Council

Dr. Russell de Souza reports serving as an external resource person on trans and saturated fats to the World Health Organization’s Nutrition Guidelines Advisory Group.

Dr. David Jenkins reports serving on the Scientific Advisory Board of Unilever, Sanitarium Company, California Strawberry Commission, Loblaw Supermarket, Herbal Life International, Nutritional Fundamental for Health, Pacific Health Laboratories, Metagenics, Bayer Consumer Care, Orafti, Dean Foods, Kellogg’s, Quaker Oats, Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola, NuVal Griffin Hospital, Abbott, Pulse Canada, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, and Canola Council of Canada; receiving honoraria for scientific advice from the Almond Board of California, International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation, Barilla, Unilever Canada, Solae, Oldways, Kellogg’s, Quaker Oats, Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola, NuVal Griffin Hospital, Abbott, Canola Council of Canada, Dean Foods, California Strawberry Commission, Haine Celestial, and Alpro Foundation; being on the speakers panel for the Almond Board of California; receiving research grants from Loblaw Brands Ltd, Unilever, Barilla, Almond Board of California, Solae, Haine Celestial, Sanitarium Company, Orafti, International Tree Nut Council, and Peanut Institute; and receiving travel support to attend meetings from the Almond Board of California, Unilever, Alpro Foundation, and International Tree Nut Council, Canadian Institutes for Health Reseach, Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Ontario Research Fund. Dr. Jenkins receives salary support as a Canada Research Chair from the federal government of Canada. Dr Jenkins’ wife is a director of Glycemic Index Laboratories, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Dr. Dariush Mozzafarrian reports being on the scientific advisory board of Unilever North America; and ad hoc honoraria or consulting from Bunge, Nutrition Impact, Amarin, Astra Zeneca, and Life Sciences Research Organization.

Dr. Barry Popkin has received funding to speak on SSB behaviors globally from Danome water research center at two international conferences in the past 5 years and was a co-investigator to a water vs SSB RCT funded by this same organization to the Mexican National Institute of Public Health in Cuernevaca..

Drs. Sonia Anand, Adam Bernstein, Vasanti Malik, Walter Willett, Salim Yusuf, Andrew Mente, Corrina Hawkes, Rachel Nugent, Tony Weis, Michael Zulyniak, Daan Kromhout, and Mahshid Deghan declare no duality of interest in relation to the contents of this paper..

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Food System Impact on Nutrition-Related Non-Communicable Diseases
Figure 2
Figure 2
Stages of Global Agricultural System’s Development
Figure 3
Figure 3
Global food system changes needed to meet create a sustainable healthy diet
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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