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Review
. 2015 Dec 11;290(50):29761-8.
doi: 10.1074/jbc.R115.694661. Epub 2015 Oct 13.

The Many Virtues of tRNA-derived Stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs): Discovering Novel Mechanisms of Stress Response and Effect on Human Health

Mridusmita Saikia  1 , Maria Hatzoglou  2
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Review

The Many Virtues of tRNA-derived Stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs): Discovering Novel Mechanisms of Stress Response and Effect on Human Health

Mridusmita Saikia et al. J Biol Chem. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

In mammalian cells, mature tRNAs are cleaved by stress-activated ribonuclease angiogenin to generate 5'- and 3'-tRNA halves: a novel class of small non-coding RNAs of 30-40 nucleotides in length. The biogenesis and biological functions of tRNA halves are emerging areas of research. This review will discuss the most recent findings on: (i) the mechanism and regulation of their biogenesis, (ii) their mechanism of action (we will specifically discuss their role in the protein synthesis inhibition and the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis), and (iii) their effects on the human physiology and disease conditions.

Keywords: angiogenin; biomarker; cancer; cellular stress; neurodegeneration; stress; tRNA halves; tiRNA; transfer RNA (tRNA).

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Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
The mechanistic and biological roles of ANG-induced tRNA halves. Shown is a graphic representation of various mechanistic roles played by ANG-induced tRNA halves during cellular stress and their possible biological functions in human disease and pathological conditions.
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