We found a novel type of sialoglycoprotein (SGP) with apparent molecular mass ranging from 15,000 to 100,000 Da in the unfertilized eggs of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes. From fertilized eggs we isolated the corresponding sialoglycopeptides of apparent molecular weight 7000. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of these glycoproteins and glycopeptides are very similar, if not identical, and they contain 90%, by weight, of carbohydrate, the predominant sugars being Gal, GlcNAc, and NeuAc. The chemical and physical data indicate that 15- to 100-kDa SGPs are made up of tandem repeat structures whose repeating unit is 7-kDa sialoglycopeptide, and, upon fertilization, higher molecular weight SGPs undergo proteolytic depolymerization to the least structural unit, 7-kDa sialoglycopeptide. As is the case with polysialoglycoproteins (PSGP) found in salmonid fish eggs, a novel family of sialoglycoproteins has been proven to be a major component of cortical alveoli of medaka eggs, namely, hyosophorin. However, we found that they differ markedly from PSGPs (salmonid fish egg hyosophorins) in terms of the carbohydrate composition. The chemical composition and the results of Smith degradation indicate that SGP contains one large N-linked glycan chain per repeat unit. We have determined the amino acid sequence of 7-kDa sialoglycopeptide: Asp-Ala-Ala-Ser-Asn*-Gln-Thr-Val-Ser, where * indicates the asparagine residue to which a large glycan chain consisting of Fuc2Man3Gal15GlcNac9NeuAc6 is attached. The direct experimental evidence for the presence of a polyprotein structure suggests that the covalent nature of the higher molecular weight SGPs should be expressed as [Asp-Ala-Ala-Ser-Asn*-Gln-Thr-Val-Ser]N, where N = 2 to 14 but for the major fraction N = 12.