Abstract
Immunotherapy is rapidly changing the field of urologic oncology. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system in general and place a particular emphasis on the biology of the immune checkpoint and its role in cancer. Bladder cancer, as one of the most immunogenic neoplasms, is an exciting target for immune checkpoint inhibition. Early preclinical data and human trial experience suggest that this new drug class may shape bladder cancer therapy for years to come.
Keywords:
Bladder cancer; Immune checkpoint; Tumor immunology.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
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B7-H1 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors
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B7-H1 Antigen / immunology
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CTLA-4 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors
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CTLA-4 Antigen / immunology
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Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / drug therapy*
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Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / immunology
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Humans
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Immunotherapy
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Ipilimumab
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / antagonists & inhibitors
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / immunology
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / immunology
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Antineoplastic Agents
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B7-H1 Antigen
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CD274 protein, human
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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Ipilimumab
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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atezolizumab
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pembrolizumab