Quantification of Conventional and Nonconventional Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds in the Condensed and Gas Phases

J Phys Chem Lett. 2015 Nov 5;6(21):4431-6. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02175. Epub 2015 Oct 27.

Abstract

Charge-assisted hydrogen bonds (CAHBs) play critical roles in many systems from biology through to materials. In none of these areas has the role and function of CAHBs been explored satisfactorily because of the lack of data on the energy of CAHBs in the condensed phases. We have, for the first time, quantified three types of CAHBs in both the condensed and gas phases for 1-(2'-hydroxylethyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2OHmim][OAc]). The energy of conventional OH···[OAc](-) CAHBs is ∼10 kcal·mol(-1), whereas nonconventional C(sp2)H···[OAc](-) and C(sp3)H···[OAc](-) CAHBs are weaker by ∼5-7 kcal·mol(-1). In the gas phase, the strength of the nonconventional CAHBs is doubled, whereas the conventional CAHBs are strengthened by <20%. The influence of cooperativity effects on the ability of the [OAc](-) anion to deprotonate the imidazolium cation is evaluated. The ability to quantify CAHBs in the condensed phase on the basis of easier accessible gas-phase estimates is highlighted.

Keywords: IR intensities; carbenes; energy; frequency shifts; ionic liquids; solid-state DFT.