Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a threat to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who undergo treatment with drugs that interfere with normal immune physiology. Here, we summarize PML incidence in MS, risk factors, surveillance strategies, and case definitions to inform neurologists and other clinicians treating patients with immune-mediated diseases.
Keywords:
JC virus; PML; natalizumab; risk.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Alemtuzumab
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / adverse effects
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride / adverse effects
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride / therapeutic use
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / methods
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Humans
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Immunologic Factors / adverse effects
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Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
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Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects
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Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
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Immunotherapy / adverse effects*
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Immunotherapy / methods*
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / chemically induced
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / etiology*
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / immunology*
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Multiple Sclerosis / immunology*
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Multiple Sclerosis / therapy*
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Natalizumab / adverse effects
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Natalizumab / therapeutic use
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Immunologic Factors
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Immunosuppressive Agents
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Natalizumab
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Alemtuzumab
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride