Following axonal interruption, structural, metabolic and physiological parameters change in motorneurons. Also, glial cells are involved in this process. Microglia proliferate and express new proteins such as vimentin or MHC antigens. Astrocytes show hypertrophy, increased GFAP synthesis, and formation of lamellae. Both glial cell types participate in deafferentation and insulation of regenerating neurons, a process with significance for post-lesioning functional impairment.