Visceral leishmaniasis, which is also known as kala-azar, reappeared in Bangladesh during the 1980s, approximately 7-8 years after large-scale use of DDT had been abandoned by the malaria eradication programme in the country. Pabna, Mymensingh and Rajshahi were the regions most affected with kala-azar. The article presents a historical review and information about the present status of leishmaniasis in Bangladesh together with control strategies and a proposed plan of operation.