The core/shell-structured upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) and Cd-free CuInS(2)/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via coprecipitation and hot-injection methods, respectively, and they were applied to near infrared (NIR) photodetectors. The β-NaYF(4):Yb,Er/β-NaYF(4) UCNPs emitted intense visible light peaking at 522, 542, and 656 nm via (2)H(11/2), (4)S(3/2), and (4)F(9/2)→(4)I(15/2) transitions under excitation with 980 nm NIR light. The core/shell UCNPs showed 6.4 times higher emission intensity than core UCNPs. Charge carriers can be generated from CuInS(2)/ZnS QDs in the QD-UCNP mixture due to their broad absorption in the visible spectral region shorter than 600 nm. The photodetector devices were fabricated by spin-coating CuInS(2)/ZnS QDs on a SiO(2)/Si substrate with patterned gold electrodes followed by spin-coating UCNPs on the QD layer. The fabricated QD-UCNP-bilayer-based device showed a drastically increased photocurrent (128 μA) compared with the QD-layer-based device under 980 nm NIR light illumination. Additionally, the fabricated device showed stable ON-OFF switching properties against on and off NIR light.