Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2015 Oct 31;2015(10):CD007228.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007228.pub3.

Structured telephone support or non-invasive telemonitoring for patients with heart failure

Sally C Inglis  1 , Robyn A Clark, Riet Dierckx, David Prieto-Merino, John G F Cleland
Affiliations
Review

Structured telephone support or non-invasive telemonitoring for patients with heart failure

Sally C Inglis et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Specialised disease management programmes for heart failure aim to improve care, clinical outcomes and/or reduce healthcare utilisation. Since the last version of this review in 2010, several new trials of structured telephone support and non-invasive home telemonitoring have been published which have raised questions about their effectiveness.

Objectives: To review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of structured telephone support or non-invasive home telemonitoring compared to standard practice for people with heart failure, in order to quantify the effects of these interventions over and above usual care.

Search methods: We updated the searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology AsseFssment Database (HTA) on the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science (CPCI-S) on Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), AMED, Proquest Theses and Dissertations, IEEE Xplore and TROVE in January 2015. We handsearched bibliographies of relevant studies and systematic reviews and abstract conference proceedings. We applied no language limits.

Selection criteria: We included only peer-reviewed, published RCTs comparing structured telephone support or non-invasive home telemonitoring to usual care of people with chronic heart failure. The intervention or usual care could not include protocol-driven home visits or more intensive than usual (typically four to six weeks) clinic follow-up.

Data collection and analysis: We present data as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, all-cause and heart failure-related hospitalisations, which we analysed using a fixed-effect model. Other outcomes included length of stay, health-related quality of life, heart failure knowledge and self care, acceptability and cost; we described and tabulated these. We performed meta-regression to assess homogeneity (the null hypothesis) in each subgroup analysis and to see if the effect of the intervention varied according to some quantitative variable (such as year of publication or median age).

Main results: We include 41 studies of either structured telephone support or non-invasive home telemonitoring for people with heart failure, of which 17 were new and 24 had been included in the previous Cochrane review. In the current review, 25 studies evaluated structured telephone support (eight new studies, plus one study previously included but classified as telemonitoring; total of 9332 participants), 18 evaluated telemonitoring (nine new studies; total of 3860 participants). Two of the included studies trialled both structured telephone support and telemonitoring compared to usual care, therefore 43 comparisons are evident.Non-invasive telemonitoring reduced all-cause mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.94; participants = 3740; studies = 17; I² = 24%, GRADE: moderate-quality evidence) and heart failure-related hospitalisations (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83; participants = 2148; studies = 8; I² = 20%, GRADE: moderate-quality evidence). Structured telephone support reduced all-cause mortality (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98; participants = 9222; studies = 22; I² = 0%, GRADE: moderate-quality evidence) and heart failure-related hospitalisations (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.93; participants = 7030; studies = 16; I² = 27%, GRADE: moderate-quality evidence).Neither structured telephone support nor telemonitoring demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the risk of all-cause hospitalisations (structured telephone support: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00; participants = 7216; studies = 16; I² = 47%, GRADE: very low-quality evidence; non-invasive telemonitoring: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.01; participants = 3332; studies = 13; I² = 71%, GRADE: very low-quality evidence).Seven structured telephone support studies reported length of stay, with one reporting a significant reduction in length of stay in hospital. Nine telemonitoring studies reported length of stay outcome, with one study reporting a significant reduction in the length of stay with the intervention. One telemonitoring study reported a large difference in the total number of hospitalisations for more than three days, but this was not an analysis of length of stay per hospitalisation. Nine of 11 structured telephone support studies and five of 11 telemonitoring studies reported significant improvements in health-related quality of life. Nine structured telephone support studies and six telemonitoring studies reported costs of the intervention or cost effectiveness. Three structured telephone support studies and one telemonitoring study reported a decrease in costs and two telemonitoring studies reported increases in cost, due both to the cost of the intervention and to increased medical management. Adherence was rated between 55.1% and 98.5% for those structured telephone support and telemonitoring studies which reported this outcome. Participant acceptance of the intervention was reported in the range of 76% to 97% for studies which evaluated this outcome. Seven of nine studies that measured these outcomes reported significant improvements in heart failure knowledge and self-care behaviours.

Authors' conclusions: For people with heart failure, structured telephone support and non-invasive home telemonitoring reduce the risk of all-cause mortality and heart failure-related hospitalisations; these interventions also demonstrated improvements in health-related quality of life and heart failure knowledge and self-care behaviours. Studies also demonstrated participant satisfaction with the majority of the interventions which assessed this outcome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Sally C Inglis: no disclosures

Robyn A Clark was a PhD student involved in patient telemonitoring, data collection and tool development, analysis and publication of the CHAT Study which is included in this review (Krum 2013 (CHAT)). She was funded from NHMRC‐funded grant for the CHAT study for one year then a Heart Foundation/NICS Scholarship.

Riet Dierckx: no disclosures.

David Prieto‐Merino: no disclosures.

John GF Cleland has received research funds (within the last five years) from the European Union and Philips Health care for the conduct of TENS‐HMS study (Cleland 2005 (Struct Tele) (TENS‐HMS); Cleland 2005 (Telemon) (TENS‐HMS)) and other research related to telemonitoring. He has received honoraria from Philips for speaking on the subject of telemonitoring (this funding is not connected with this review). As this author was a lead investigator of an included study in this review (Cleland 2005 (Struct Tele) (TENS‐HMS); Cleland 2005 (Telemon) (TENS‐HMS)) he did not undertake any risk of bias assessment or GRADE assessment of studies included in this review. Performed previous work that was the foundation of this study Clark 2007a and Inglis 2010.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram for update
2
2
Study flowchart.
3
3
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in CHF on all‐cause mortality, outcome: 1.1 All‐cause mortality: STS vs UC.
4
4
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in CHF on all‐cause mortality, outcome: 1.2 All‐cause mortality: TM vs UC.
5
5
Funnel plot of comparison: 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in CHF on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, outcome: 2.1 All‐cause hospitalisation: STS vs UC.
6
6
Funnel plot of comparison: 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in CHF on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, outcome: 2.2 All‐cause hospitalisation: TM vs UC.
7
7
Funnel plot of comparison: 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in CHF on risk of CHF‐related hospitalisation, outcome: 3.1 CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS vs UC.
8
8
Funnel plot of comparison: 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in CHF on risk of CHF‐related hospitalisation, outcome: 3.2 CHF‐related hospitalisation: TM vs UC.
9
9
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
10
10
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality: STS vs UC.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality: TM vs UC.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 3 Subgroup technology: all‐cause mortality STS vs UC.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 4 Subgroup technology: all‐cause mortality Complex TM vs UC.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 5 Subgroup technology: all‐cause mortality Videophone vs UC.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 6 Subgroup technology: all‐cause mortality IVR vs UC.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 7 Subgroup technology: all‐cause mortality Mobile/PDA vs UC.
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 8 Subgroup TM intensity: all‐cause mortality Office hours vs UC.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 9 Subgroup TM intensity: all‐cause mortality 24/7 or 7 days/week vs UC.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 10 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause mortality STS vs UC < 2000.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 11 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause mortality STS vs UC 2000 ‐ 2007.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 12 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause mortality STS vs UC ≥ 2008.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 13 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause mortality TM vs UC 2000 ‐ 2007.
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 14 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause mortality TM vs UC ≥ 2008.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 15 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause mortality: STS vs UC < 70 years of age.
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 16 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause mortality STS vs UC ≥ 70 years of age.
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 17 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause mortality: TM vs UC < 70 years of age.
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 18 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause mortality TM vs UC ≥ 70 years of age.
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 19 Subgroup STS focus: all‐cause mortality STS (clinical support) vs UC.
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 20 Subgroup STS focus: all‐cause mortality STS (education) vs UC.
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 21 Sensitivity analysis follow‐up period (> 6 months), all‐cause mortality: STS vs UC.
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Impact of structured telephone support and telemonitoring in heart failure on all‐cause mortality, Outcome 22 Sensitivity analysis follow‐up period (> 6 months), all‐cause mortality: TM vs UC.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 1 All‐cause hospitalisation: STS vs UC.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 2 All‐cause hospitalisation: TM vs UC.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 3 Subgroup technology: all‐cause hospitalisation STS vs UC.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 4 Subgroup technology: all‐cause hospitalisation Mobile/PDA vs UC.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 5 Subgroup technology: all‐cause hospitalisation Videophone vs UC.
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 6 Subgroup technology: all‐cause hospitalisation IVR vs UC.
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 7 Subgroup technology: all‐cause hospitalisation Complex TM vs UC.
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 8 Subgroup TM intensity: all‐cause hospitalisation Office hours vs UC.
2.9
2.9. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 9 Subgroup TM intensity: all‐cause hospitalisation 24/7 or 7 days vs UC.
2.10
2.10. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 10 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause hospitalisation STS vs UC < 2000.
2.11
2.11. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 11 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause hospitalisation STS vs UC 2000 ‐ 2007.
2.12
2.12. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 12 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause hospitalisation STS vs UC ≥ 2008.
2.13
2.13. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 13 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause hospitalisation TM vs UC 2000 ‐ 2007.
2.14
2.14. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 14 Subgroup Publication year: all‐cause hospitalisation TM vs UC ≥ 2008.
2.15
2.15. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 15 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause hospitalisation STS vs UC ≥ 70 years of age.
2.16
2.16. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 16 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause hospitalisation: STS vs UC < 70 years of age.
2.17
2.17. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 17 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause hospitalisation TM vs UC ≥ 70 years of age.
2.18
2.18. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 18 Subgroup Participant age: all‐cause hospitalisation: TM vs UC < 70 years of age.
2.19
2.19. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 19 Subgroup STS focus: all‐cause hospitalisation: STS (clinical support) vs UC.
2.20
2.20. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 20 Subgroup STS focus: all‐cause hospitalisation: STS (education) vs UC.
2.21
2.21. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 21 Sensitivity analysis follow‐up period (> 6 months), all‐cause hospitalisation: STS vs UC.
2.22
2.22. Analysis
Comparison 2 Impact of structured telephone or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of all‐cause hospitalisation, Outcome 22 Sensitivity analysis follow‐up period (> 6 months), all‐cause hospitalisation: TM vs UC.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 1 CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS vs UC.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 2 CHF‐related hospitalisation: TM vs UC.
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 3 Subgroup technology: CHF‐related hospitalisation STS vs UC.
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 4 Subgroup technology: CHF‐related hospitalisation Mobile/PDA vs UC.
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 5 Subgroup technology CHF‐related hospitalisation Complex TM vs UC.
3.6
3.6. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 6 Subgroup technology: CHF‐related hospitalisation IVR vs UC.
3.7
3.7. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 7 Subgroup TM intensity: CHF‐related hospitalisation Office hours vs UC.
3.8
3.8. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 8 Subgroup TM intensity: CHF‐related hospitalisation 24/7 or 7 days vs UC.
3.9
3.9. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 9 Subgroup Publication year: CHF‐related hospitalisation STS vs UC < 2000.
3.10
3.10. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 10 Subgroup Publication year: CHF‐related hospitalisation STS vs UC 2000 ‐ 2007.
3.11
3.11. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 11 Subgroup Publication year: CHF‐related hospitalisation STS vs UC ≥ 2008.
3.12
3.12. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 12 Subgroup Publication year: CHF‐related hospitalisation TM vs UC 2000 ‐ 2007.
3.13
3.13. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 13 Subgroup Publication year: CHF‐related hospitalisation TM vs UC ≥ 2008.
3.14
3.14. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 14 Subgroup Participant age: CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS vs UC < 70 years of age.
3.15
3.15. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 15 Subgroup Participant age: CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS vs UC ≥ 70 years of age.
3.16
3.16. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 16 Subgroup Participant age: CHF‐related hospitalisation: TM vs UC < 70 years of age.
3.17
3.17. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 17 Subgroup Participant age: CHF‐related hospitalisation: TM vs UC ≥ 70 years of age.
3.18
3.18. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 18 Subgroup STS focus: CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS (clinical support) vs UC.
3.19
3.19. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 19 Subgroup STS focus: CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS (education) vs UC.
3.20
3.20. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 20 Sensitivity analysis follow‐up period (> 6 months), CHF‐related hospitalisation: STS vs UC.
3.21
3.21. Analysis
Comparison 3 Impact of structured telephone support or telemonitoring in heart failure on risk of heart failure‐related hospitalisation, Outcome 21 Sensitivity analysis follow‐up period (> 6 months), CHF‐related hospitalisation: TM vs UC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

References to studies included in this review

Angermann 2012 (INH) {published data only}
    1. Angermann CE, Störk S, Gelbrich G, Faller H, Jahns R, Frantz S, et al. Abstract 2709: a prospective randomised trial comparing the efficacy of a standardised supraregionally transferable program for monitoring and education of patients with systolic heart failure with usual care: the Interdisciplinary Network for Heart failure (INH) study. Circulation 2007;116(11):601.
    1. Angermann CE, Störk S, Gelbrich G, Faller H, Jahns R, Frantz S, et al. Competence Network Heart Failure. Mode of action and effects of standardized collaborative disease management on mortality and morbidity in patients with systolic heart failure: the Interdisciplinary Network for Heart Failure (INH) study. Circulation: Heart Failure 2012;5(1):25‐35. - PubMed
    1. Berliner D, Stoerk S, Gelbrich G, Jahns R, Frantz S, Jany B, et al. Predeterminants of mortality and rehospitalisation at 180 days in the interdisciplinary network for heart failure (INH) study. European Heart Journal 2009;30:717.
    1. Güder G, Gelbrich G, Brenner S, Morbach C, Berliner D, Deubner N, et al. Prescription frequencies, dosing and clinical effects of heart failure drugs in the randomised INH‐study. European Heart Journal 2012;33:43.
    1. Güder G, Störk S, Gelbrich G, Brenner S, Deubner N, Morbach C, et al. Nurse‐coordinated collaborative disease management improves the quality of guideline‐recommended heart failure therapy, patient‐reported outcomes, and left ventricular remodelling. European Journal of Heart Failure 2015;17(4):442. - PubMed
Antonicelli 2008 {published data only}
    1. Antonicelli R, Mazzanti I, Abbatecola AM, Parati G. Impact of home patient telemonitoring on use of beta‐blockers in congestive heart failure. Drugs & Aging 2010;27(10):801‐5. [Antonicelli 2010] - PubMed
    1. Antonicelli R, Testarmata P, Spazzafumo L, Gagliardi C, Bilo G, Valentini M, et al. Impact of telemonitoring at home on the management of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2008;14(6):300‐5. - PubMed
Baker 2011 {published data only}
    1. Baker DW, DeWalt DA, Schillinger D, Hawk V, Ruo B, Bibbins‐Domingo K, et al. Randomized trial of intensive telephone education and counseling to overcome disparities in knowledge, self‐care behaviors and symptom severity for patients with heart failure and low health literacy. Circulation 2010;122:2.
    1. Baker DW, DeWalt DA, Schillinger D, Hawk V, Ruo B, Bibbins‐Domingo K, et al. The effect of progressive, reinforcing telephone education and counseling versus brief education intervention on knowledge, self‐care behaviors and heart failure symptoms. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2011;17(10):789‐96. - PMC - PubMed
Balk 2008 {published data only}
    1. Balk AHMM, Davidse W, Dommelen P, Klaassen E, Caliskan K, Burg P, et al. Tele‐guidance of chronic heart failure patients enhances knowledge about the disease. European Journal of Heart Failure 2008;10(11):1136‐42. - PubMed
    1. Balk AHMM, Leenders CM, Davidse W, Westerteicher C, Montfort G. 275 personalised tele‐guidance of heart failure patients: effects of the MOTIVA interactive health care platform on hospital admissions, quality of life, knowledge of disease and self‐care: a pilot study. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplement 2007;6(Suppl):56.
    1. Montfort APWP, Helm MHJ. Telemonitoring of patients with chronic heart failure. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2006;14(Supplement 1):33‐5.
Barth 2001 {published data only}
    1. Barth V. A nurse‐managed discharge program for congestive heart failure patients: outcomes and costs. Home Health Care Management and Practice 2001;13(6):436‐43.
Bento 2009 {published data only}
    1. Bento VF, Brofman PR. Impact of the nursing consultation on the frequency of hospitalizations in patients with heart failure in Curitiba, Parana State. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2009;92(6):454‐60, 473‐9, 490‐6. - PubMed
Biannic 2012 (SEDIC) {published data only}
    1. Biannic C, Coutance G, Calus J, Belin A, Loiselet P, Michel L, et al. Educational home follow‐up by telemedicine in cases of cardiac insufficiency. Randomised, multicentric study from the Basse‐Normandie region. Preliminary results. European Research in Telemedicine 2012;1:40‐8.
    1. Coutance G, Belin A, Biannic C, Parienti JJ, Loiselet P, Michel L, et al. Educative telemedicine reduces the severity of rehospitalizations for acute heart failure in an elderly population: Post‐hoc analysis of SEDIC study. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S144.
    1. Sabatier R, Coutance G, Belin A, Biannic C, Loiselet P, Pradere G, et al. Three months educational remote telemonitoring in elderly patients with heart failure reduces hospitalizations for acute heart failure at one year: A randomized trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S313.
Blum 2014 (MCCD) {published data only}
    1. Blum K, Gottlieb SS. Morbidity and mortality benefits of reliable instrumental support. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(6 Suppl. 2):S164.
    1. Blum K, Gottlieb SS. The effect of a randomised trial of home telemonitoring on medical costs, 30‐day readmissions, mortality, and health‐related quality of life in a cohort of community‐dwelling heart failure patients. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2014;20(7):513‐21. - PubMed
    1. Blum K, Janowick F, Gottlieb SS. One year changes in quality of life for heart failure patients in a home telemonitoring program. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2006;12(6 Suppl):S122.
    1. Gottlieb S, Blum K. Coordinated care, telemonitoring, and the therapeutic relationship: heart failure management in the United States. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2006;14(Suppl 1):29‐31.
    1. Nahm ES, Blum K, Scharf B, Friedmann E, Thomas S, Jones D, et al. Exploration of patients' readiness for an eHealth management program for chronic heart failure: a preliminary study. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2008;23(6):463‐71. - PubMed
Brandon 2009 {published data only}
    1. Brandon A, Ellison KJ, Schuessler J, Lazenby R. The effects of a clinical nurse specialist‐‐led, telephone‐based intervention on hospital readmissions, quality of life, and self‐care behaviors of heart failure patients. Clinical Nurse Specialist 2009;23:99‐100.
    1. Brandon AF, Schuessler JB, Ellison KJ, Lazenby RB. The effects of an advanced practice nurse led telephone intervention on outcomes of patients with heart failure. Applied Nursing Research 2009;22(4):e1‐7. - PubMed
Capomolla 2004 {published data only}
    1. Capomolla S, Pinna G, Rovere MT, Maestri R, Ceresa M, Ferrari M, et al. Heart failure case disease management program: a pilot study of home telemonitoring versus usual care. European Heart Journal 2004;6(Suppl F):F91‐8.
Chaudhry 2010 (Tele‐HF) {published data only}
    1. Bikdeli B, Wayda B, Bao HK, Ross JS, Xu X, Chaudhry SI, et al. Place of residence and outcomes of patients with heart failure analysis from the telemonitoring to improve heart failure outcomes trial. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2014;7(5):749‐U169. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chaudhry SI, Barton B, Mattera J, Spertus J, Krumholz HM. Randomized trial of telemonitoring to improve heart failure outcomes (Tele‐HF): study design. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(9):709‐14. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, et al. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363(24):2301‐9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, et al. Telemonitoring to improve outcomes after heart failure hospitalization: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation 2010;122:2223.
    1. Jayaram N, Krumholz HM, Chaudhry SI, Mattera J, Tang F, Spertus JA. Impact of telemonitoring on health status in patients with heart failure. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality of Care Outcomes 2013;6:A27. - PMC - PubMed
Cleland 2005 (Struct Tele) (TENS‐HMS) {published data only}
    1. Cleland JG. The trans‐European network ‐ home care management system (TEN‐HMS) study: an investigation of the effect of telemedicine on outcomes in Europe. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2006;14 (Suppl 1):23‐8.
    1. Cleland JGF, Louis AA, Rigby AS, Janssen U, Balk AHMM, for the Trans‐European Network‐Home‐Care Management System (TENS‐HMS) Study. Noninvasive home telemonitoring for patients with heart failure at high risk of recurrent admission and death. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005;45(10):1654‐64. - PubMed
    1. Goode K, Zhang J, Rigby AS, Atkin P, Cullington D, Balk AH, et al. Home‐telemonitoring or nurse telephone support improves short‐term outcomes in patients at greatest risk of death or hospitalisation compared to usual care: Evidence from the TEN‐HMS Study. European Journal of Heart Failure, Supplement 2009;8:ii195.
    1. Louis AA, Balk A, Janssens U, Westerteicher C, Cleland JG. Patient acceptance and satisfaction of home telemonitoring in the management of heart failure: TENS‐HMS. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2002;19:537A.
    1. Robinson S, Stroetmann K, Stroetmann V. Tele‐homecare for chronically‐ill patients: improved outcomes and new developments. The Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare 2004;2(4):251‐62.
Cleland 2005 (Telemon) (TENS‐HMS) {published data only}
    1. Cleland JG. The trans‐European network ‐ home care management system (TEN‐HMS) study: an investigation of the effect of telemedicine on outcomes in Europe. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2006;14(Suppl 1):23‐8.
    1. Cleland JGF, Louis AA, Rigby AS, Janssen U, Balk AHMM, for the Trans‐European Network‐Home‐Care Management System (TENS‐HMS) Study. Noninvasive home telemonitoring for patients with heart failure at high risk of recurrent admission and death. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005;45(10):1654‐64. - PubMed
    1. Goode K, Zhang J, Rigby AS, Atkin P, Cullington D, Balk AH, et al. Home‐telemonitoring or nurse telephone support improves short‐term outcomes in patients at greatest risk of death or hospitalisation compared to usual care: Evidence from the TEN‐HMS Study. European Journal of Heart Failure, Supplement 2009;8:ii195.
    1. Louis AA, Balk A, Janssens U, Westerteicher C, Cleland JG. Patient acceptance and satisfaction of home telemonitoring in the management of heart failure: TENS‐HMS. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2002;19:537A.
    1. Robinson S, Stroetmann K, Stroetmann V. Tele‐homecare for chronically‐ill patients: improved outcomes and new developments. The Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare 2004;2(4):251‐62.
DeBusk 2004 {published data only}
    1. DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Parker KM, Bandura A, Kraemer HC, Cher DJ, et al. Care management for low‐risk patients with heart failure: a randomised, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2004;141(8):606‐13. - PubMed
De Lusignan 2001 {published data only}
    1. Lusignan S. A controlled pilot study in the use of telemedicine in the community on the management of heart failure: a report of the first three months. In: Nerlich M, Kretschmer R editor(s). The Impact of Telemedicine on Health Care Management. IOS, 1999. - PubMed
    1. Lusignan S, Wells S, Johnson P, Meredith K, Leatham E. Compliance and effectiveness of 1 year's home telemonitoring: the report of a pilot study of patients with chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2001;3(6):723‐30. - PubMed
Dendale 2012 (TEMA‐HF1) {published data only}
    1. Dendale P, Keulenaer G, Troisfontaines P, Weytjens C, Mullens W, Elegeert I, et al. Effect of a telemonitoring‐facilitated collaboration between general practitioner and heart failure clinic on mortality and rehospitalization rates in severe heart failure: the TEMA‐HF 1 (TElemonitoring in the MAnagement of Heart Failure) study. European Journal of Heart Failure 2012;14(3):333‐40. - PubMed
    1. Willekens K, Dendale P, Keulenaer G, Troisfontaines P, Weytjens C, Mullens W, et al. Effect of a telemonitoring‐facilitated collaboration between general practitioner and heart failure clinic on mortality and rehospitalization rates in severe heart failure. Acta Cardiologica 2011;66 (1):107. - PubMed
DeWalt 2006 {published data only}
    1. DeWalt DA, Malone RM, Bryant ME, Kosnar MC, Corr KE, Rothman RL, et al. A heart failure self‐management program for patients of all literacy levels: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research 2006;13(6):30. - PMC - PubMed
Domingues 2011 {published data only}
    1. Domingues FB, Clausell N, Aliti GB, Dominguez DR, Rabelo ER. Education and telephone monitoring by nurses of patients with heart failure: randomized clinical trial. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2011;96(3):233‐9. - PubMed
Galbreath 2004 {published data only}
    1. Correction to: Long‐term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community‐based population with heart failure. Circulation 2006; Vol. 113, issue 3:e48. - PubMed
    1. Galbreath AD, Krasuski RA, Smith B, Stajduhar KC, Kwan MD, Ellis R, et al. Long‐term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomised, community‐based population with heart failure. Circulation 2004;110(23):3518‐26. - PubMed
    1. Smith B, Forkner E, Zaslow B, Krasuski RA, Stajduhar K, Kwan M, et al. Disease management produces limited quality‐of‐life improvements in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence from a randomised trial in community‐dwelling patients. American Journal of Managed Care 2005;11(11):701‐3. - PubMed
    1. Smith B, Hughes‐Cromwick PF, Forkner E, Galbreath AD. Cost‐effectiveness of telephonic disease management in heart failure. American Journal of Managed Care 2008;14(2):106‐15. - PubMed
Gattis 1999 (PHARM) {published data only}
    1. Gattis WA, Hasselblad V, Whellan DJ, O'Connor CM. Reduction in heart failure events by the addition of a clinical pharmacist to the heart failure management team. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999;159(16):1939‐45. - PubMed
GESICA 2005 (DIAL) {published data only}
    1. Ferrante D, Varini S, Macchia A, Soifer S, Badra R, Nul D, et al. Long‐term results after a telephone intervention in chronic heart failure: DIAL (Randomized Trial of Phone Intervention in Chronic Heart Failure) follow‐up. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2010;56(5):372‐8. - PubMed
    1. GESICA Investigators. Randomised trial of telephone intervention in chronic heart failure: DIAL trial. BMJ 2005;331(7514):425. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grancelli H, Varini S, Ferrante D, Schwartzman R, Zambrano C, Soifer S, et al. GESICA Investigators. Randomized trial of telephone intervention in chronic heart failure (DIAL): study design and preliminary observations. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2003;9(3):172‐9. - PubMed
    1. Grancelli HO. Disease management programs in heart failure: findings of the DIAL study. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 2007;60(Suppl 3):15‐22. - PubMed
Giordano 2009 {published data only}
    1. Giordano A, Scalvini S, Zanelli E, Corrà U, Longobardi GL, Ricci VA, et al. Multicentre randomised trial on home‐based telemanagement to prevent hospital readmission of patients with chronic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 2009;131(2):192‐9. - PubMed
    1. Scalvini S, Zanelli E, Corrà U, Ricci VA, Longobardi GL, Giordano A. 243 multicenter randomised trial on home based tele‐management to prevent hospital readmission of patients with chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2008;7(Suppl 1):57. - PubMed
    1. Scalvini S, Zanelli E, Volterrani M, Martinelli G, Baratti D, Buscaya O, et al. A pilot study of nurse‐led home‐based tele‐cardiology for patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2004;10(2):113‐7. - PubMed
Goldberg 2003 (WHARF) {published data only}
    1. Goldberg LR, Piette JD, Walsh MN, Frank TA, Jaski BE, Smith AL, et al. Randomized trial of a daily electronic home monitoring system in patients with advanced heart failure: the Weight Monitoring in Heart Failure (WHARF) trial. American Heart Journal 2003;146(4):705‐12. - PubMed
    1. Jones NA, Frankel DS, Piette JD, Goldberg LR. Abstract 3277: withdrawal of a technology‐based daily weight monitoring system in patients with advanced heart failure eliminates mortality benefit. Circulation 2007;116:II_737‐8.
Koehler 2011 (TIM‐HF) {published data only}
    1. Koehler F, Winkler S, Schieber M, Sechtem U, Stangl K, Böhm M, et al. Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM‐HF), a randomized, controlled intervention trial investigating the impact of telemedicine on mortality in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2010;122:2224. - PubMed
    1. Koehler F, Winkler S, Schieber M, Sechtem U, Stangl K, Böhm M, et al. Telemedicine in heart failure: pre‐specified and exploratory subgroup analyses from the TIM‐HF trial. International Journal of Cardiology 2012;161(3):143‐50. - PubMed
    1. Koehler F, Winkler S, Schieber M, Sechtem U, Stangl K, Böhm M, et al. TIM‐HF Investigators. Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM‐HF), a randomized, controlled intervention trial investigating the impact of telemedicine on mortality in ambulatory patients with heart failure: study design. European Journal of Heart Failure 2010;12(12):1354‐62. - PubMed
    1. Koehler F, Winkler S, Schieber M, Sechtem U, Stangl K, Böhm M, et al. Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure Investigators. Impact of remote telemedical management on mortality and hospitalisations in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure: the Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure Study. Circulation 2011;123(17):1873‐80. - PubMed
    1. Prescher S, Deckwart O, Winkler S, Koehler K, Honold M, Koehler F. Telemedical care: feasibility and perception of the patients and physicians: a survey‐based acceptance analysis of the Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM‐HF) trial. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2013;20(2 Suppl):18‐24. - PubMed
Krum 2013 (CHAT) {published data only}
    1. Clark RA, Yallop JJ, Piterman L, Croucher J, Tonkin A, Stewart S, et al. Adherence, adaptation and acceptance of elderly chronic heart failure patients to receiving healthcare via telephone‐monitoring. European Journal of Heart Failure 2007;9(11):1104‐11. - PubMed
    1. Driscoll A, Liew D, Tonkin A, Krum H. Is a telephone support program for rural and remote heart failure patients cost‐effective?. Global Heart 2014;1:e23.
    1. Krum H, Forbes A, Yallop J, Driscoll A, Croucher J, Chan B, et al. Telephone support to rural and remote patients with heart failure: The chronic heart failure assessment by telephone (CHAT) study. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2013;31(4):230‐7. - PubMed
    1. Tonkin A, Yallop J, Driscoll A, Forbes A, Croucher J, Chan B, et al. Does telephone support of the rural and remote patients with heart failure improve clinical outcomes?: results of the Chronic Heart Failure Assistance by Telephone (CHAT) study. Heart Lung Circulation 2009;18S(Suppl 1):S105.
    1. Yallop J, Chan B, Piterman P, Tonkin A, Forbes A, Davidson PM, et al. The Chronic Heart‐failure Assistance by Telephone (CHAT) study: a new model of care to support aging rural patients with chronic disease. Asian Pacific Family Medicine 2006;5:2.
Laramee 2003 {published data only}
    1. Laramee AS, Levinsky SK, Sargent J, Ross R, Callas P. Case management in a heterogenous congestive heart failure population: a randomised controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003;163(7):809‐17. - PubMed
Lyngå 2012 (WISH) {published data only}
    1. Lyngå P, Fridlund B, Langius‐Eklof A, Bohm K. Patients experiences of telemonitoring and transmission of body weight. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2013;12:S49‐50.
    1. Lyngå P, Fridlund B, Langius‐Eklof A, Bohm K. Perceptions of transmission of body weight and telemonitoring in patients with heart failure?. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well‐being 2013;8:21524. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lyngå P, Persson H, Hägg‐Martinell A, Hägglund E, Hagerman I, Langius‐Eklof A, et al. Weight monitoring in patients with severe heart failure (WISH). A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2012;14(4):438‐44. - PubMed
Mortara 2009 (Struct Tele) (HHH) {published and unpublished data}
    1. Capomolla S, Pinna G, Maestri R, Ferrari M, Ceresa M. The telemonitoring service [Il servizio di telemonitoraggoio]. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2005;64(2):135‐6. - PubMed
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Capomolla S, Johnson P, Rovere MT, Ponikowski P, et al. P2160 a new telemonitoring system in heart failure: preliminary data from the multi‐country randomized study HHH (Home or Hospital in Heart Failure). European Heart Journal 2006;27(Suppl 1):S345.
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Capomolla S, Johnson P, Rovere MT, Ponikowski P, et al. P358 a multi‐country randomised trial of the role of a new telemonitoring system in CHF: the HHH Study (Home or Hospital in Heart Failure): preliminary data. European Heart Journal 2005;26(Suppl 1):20.
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Capomolla S, Maestri R, Johnson P, Rovere MT, et al. Rehabilitation and models of domiciliary care of patients with chronic heart failure: preliminary results of the HHH study [Riabilitazione e modelli di gestione domiciliare del paziente con scompenso cardiaco cronico: risultati preliminari dello studio HHH]. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2005;64(2):143‐5. - PubMed
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Johnson P, Maestri R, Capomolla S, LaRovere MT, et al. Home telemonitoring in heart failure patients: the HHH study (Home of Hospital in Heart Failure). European Journal of Heart Failure 2009;11(3):312‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Mortara 2009 (Telemon) (HHH) {published and unpublished data}
    1. Capomolla S, Pinna G, Maestri R, Ferrari M, Ceresa M. The telemonitoring service [Il servizio di telemonitoraggoio]. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2005;64(2):135‐6. - PubMed
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Capomolla S, Johnson P, Rovere MT, Ponikowski P, et al. P2160 a new telemonitoring system in heart failure: preliminary data from the multi‐country randomized study HHH (Home or Hospital in Heart Failure). European Heart Journal 2006;27(Suppl 1):S345.
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Capomolla S, Johnson P, Rovere MT, Ponikowski P, et al. P358 a multi‐country randomised trial of the role of a new telemonitoring system in CHF: the HHH Study (Home or Hospital in Heart Failure): preliminary data. European Heart Journal 2005;26(Suppl 1):20.
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Capomolla S, Maestri R, Johnson P, Rovere MT, et al. Rehabilitation and models of domiciliary care of patients with chronic heart failure: preliminary results of the HHH study [Riabilitazione e modelli di gestione domiciliare del paziente con scompenso cardiaco cronico: risultati preliminari dello studio HHH]. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2005;64(2):143‐5. - PubMed
    1. Mortara A, Pinna GD, Johnson P, Maestri R, Capomolla S, LaRovere MT, et al. Home telemonitoring in heart failure patients: the HHH study (Home of Hospital in Heart Failure). European Journal of Heart Failure 2009;11(3):312‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Rainville 1999 {published data only}
    1. Rainville EC. Impact of pharmacist intervention on hospital readmissions for heart failure. American Journal of Health‐System Pharmacy 1999;56(13):1339‐42. - PubMed
Ramachandran 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ramachandran K, Husain N, Maikhuri R, Seth S, Vij A, Kumar M, et al. Impact of a comprehensive telephone‐based disease management programme on quality‐of‐life in patients with heart failure. The National Medical Journal of India 2007;20(2):67‐73. - PubMed
Riegel 2002 {published data only}
    1. Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, LePetri B, Glaser D, Unger A. Effect of a standardized nurse case‐management telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162(6):705‐12. - PubMed
Riegel 2006 {published data only}
    1. Riegel B. Standardized telephonic case management in a Hispanic heart failure population: an effective intervention. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2002;10(4):241‐9.
    1. Riegel B, Carlson B, Glaser D, Romero T. Randomized controlled trial of telephone case management in Hispanics of Mexican origin with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2006;12(3):211‐9. - PubMed
Scherr 2009 (MOBITEL) {published data only}
    1. Fruhwald FM, Scherr D, Kastner P, Kollmann A, Schreier G. Telemonitoring using mobile phones reduces the event rate after recent acute heart failure. Results of the MOBIle TELemonitoring in heart failure patients study (MOBITEL). European Heart Journal 2009;30:911‐2.
    1. Scherr D, Kastner P, Kollmann A, Hallas A, Auer J, Krappinger H, et al and the MOBITEL investigators. Effect of home‐based telemonitoring using mobile phone technology on the outcome of heart failure patients after an episode of acute decompensation: randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2009;11(3):e34. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Scherr D, Kollman A, Hallas A, Krappinger H, Auer J, Kastner P, et al. Telemonitoring for heart failure patients following acute decompensation: first results on influences of the system on functional status and heart failure therapy. European Heart Journal. 2005.
Seto 2012 {published data only}
    1. Seto E, Leonard KJ, Cafazzo JA, Barnsely J, Masino C, Ross HJ. Mobile phone‐based telemonitoring for heart failure management: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2012;14(1):e31. - PMC - PubMed
Sisk 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hebert PL, Sisk JE, Wang JJ, Tuzzio L, Casablanca JM, Chassin MR, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of nurse‐led disease management for heart failure in an ethnically diverse urban community. Annals of Internal Medicine 2008;149(8):540‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sisk J, Hebert P, Horowitz C, McLaughlin MA, Wang J, Tuzzio L. Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of nurse‐management to improve heart‐failure care in minority communities. Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) 2004;1:111.
    1. Sisk JE, Hebert PL, Horowitz CR, McLaughlin MA, Wang JJ, Chassin MR. Effects of nurse management on the quality of heart failure care in minority communities: a randomised trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006;145(4):273‐83. - PMC - PubMed
Soran 2008 {published data only}
    1. Soran O, Piña IL, Lamas GA, Kelsey SF, Selzer F, Pilotte J, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the clinical effects of enhanced heart failure monitoring using a computer‐based telephonic monitoring system in older minorities and women. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(9):793. - PubMed
    1. Soran OZ, Feldman AM, Piña IL, Lamas GA, Kelsey SF, Selzer F, et al. Cost of medical services in older patients with heart failure: those receiving enhanced monitoring using a computer‐based telephonic monitoring system compared with those in usual care: the heart failure home care trial. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2010;16(11):859‐66. - PubMed
    1. Soran OZ, Piña IL, Lamas GA, Kelsey SF, Selzer F, Pilotte J, et al. A randomised clinical trial of the clinical effects of enhanced heart failure monitoring using a computer‐based telephonic monitoring system in older minorities and women. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;114(9):711‐7. - PubMed
    1. Soran OZ, Piña IL, Lamas GA, Kelsey SF, Selzer F, Pilotte J, et al. Impact of a sophisticated computer based telephonic heart failure monitoring system on quality of life in patients with heart failure (Abstract #1012‐151). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008;51:A236‐70.
Tsuyuki 2004 {published data only}
    1. Tsuyuki RT, Fradette M, Johnson JA, Bungard TJ, Eurich DT, Ashton T, et al. A multicenter disease management program for hospitalised patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2004;10(6):473‐80. - PubMed
Villani 2014 (ICAROS) {published data only}
    1. Villani A, Malfatto G, Compare A, Della Rosa F, Bellardita L, Branzi G, et al. Clinical and psychological telemontoring and telecare of high risk heart failure patients. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2014;20(8):468‐75. - PubMed
    1. Villani A, Malfatto G, Della Rosa F, Branzi G, Boarin S, Borghi C, et al. Disease management for heart failure patients: role of wireless technologies for telemedicine: the ICAROS project. Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia 2007;8(2):107‐17. - PubMed
Vuorinen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Vuorinen AL, Leppänen J, Kaijanranta H, Kuliju M, Heliö T, Gils M, Lähteenmäki J. Use of home telemonitoring to support multidisciplinary care of heart failure patients in Finland: randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2014;16(12):e282. - PMC - PubMed
Wakefield 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wakefield BJ, Bylund CL, Holman JE, Ray A, Scherubel M, Kienzle MG, et al. Nurse and patient communication profiles in a home‐based telehealth intervention for heart failure management. Patient Education and Counseling 2008;71(2):285‐92. - PubMed
    1. Wakefield BJ, Holman JE, Ray A, Scherubel M, Burns TL, Kienzle MG, et al. Outcomes of a home telehealth intervention for patients with heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2009;15(1):46‐50. - PubMed
    1. Wakefield BJ, Ward MM, Holman JE, Ray A, Scherubel M, Burns TL, et al. Evaluation of home telehealth following hospitalizations for heart failure: a randomised trial. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2008;4(8):753‐61. - PubMed
Woodend 2008 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Woodend A, Sherrard H, Fraser M, Stuewe L, Haddad H, Cheung T, et al. Getting connected: tele‐home care for patients with heart disease. Canadian Journal of Health Economics 2003;52(2):19‐28.
    1. Woodend KA, Sherrard H, Fraser M, Stuewe L, Cheung T, Struthers C. Telehome monitoring in patients with cardiac disease who are at high risk of readmission. Heart and Lung 2008;37(1):36‐45. - PubMed
Zamanzadeh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Zamanzadeh V, Valizadeh L, Howard A F, Jamshidi F. A supportive‐educational intervention for heart failure patients in Iran: the effect on self‐care behaviours. Nursing Research and Practice 2013;2013:492729. - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Abu‐Awwad 2012 {published data only}
    1. Abu‐Awwad R, Alkhatib Y, Bukannan A, Bandak G, Atrache M, Pflaum J, et al. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: A single‐center experience. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2012;27:S313.
Akosah 2005 {published data only}
    1. Akosah KO, Schaper AM, Haus LM, Mathiason MA, Barnhart SI, McHugh VL. Improving outcomes in heart failure in the community: long‐term survival benefit of a disease‐management program. Chest 2005;127(6):2042‐8. - PubMed
Albanese 2001 {published data only}
    1. Albanese MC, Bulfoni A, Rossi P, Gregori D, Badano LP, Gremese E, et al. The SCOOP II trial in heart failure. Italian Heart Journal Supplement 2001;2(4):390‐5. - PubMed
Albert 2007 {published data only}
    1. Albert NM, Buchsbaum R, Li J. Randomized study of the effect of video education on heart failure healthcare utilization, symptoms, and self‐care behaviours. Patient Education and Counseling 2007;69(1‐3):129‐39. - PubMed
Aliti 2007 {published data only}
    1. Aliti GB, Rabelo ER, Domingues FB, Clausell N. Educational settings in the management of patients with heart failure. Revista Latino‐Americana de Enfermagem 2007;15:344‐9. - PubMed
Al Khateeb 2012 {published data only}
    1. Al Khateeb M. Telephone intervention in chronic heart failure: Quality project. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 2012;24 (4):289.
Alluhaidan 2015 {published data only}
    1. Alluhaidan A, Lee E, Alnosayan N, Chatterjee S, Houston‐Feenstra L, Dysinger W, et al. Designing Patient‐Centered mHealth Technology Intervention to Reduce Hospital Readmission for Heart‐Failure Patients. System Sciences. 2015:2886‐95.
Alnosayan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Alnosayan N, Lee E, Alluhaidan A, Chatterjee S, Houston‐Feenstra L, Kagoda M, et al. MyHeart: An intelligent mHealth home monitoring system supporting heart failure self‐care. e‐Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom). 2014:311‐6.
Anderson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Anderson C, Deepak BV, Amoateng‐Adjepong Y, Zarich S. Benefits of comprehensive inpatient education and discharge planning combined with outpatient support in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Congestive Heart Failure 2005;11(6):315‐21. - PubMed
Andrikopoulou 2014 {published data only}
    1. Andrikopoulou E, Abbate K, Whellan D J. Conceptual model for heart failure disease management. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2014;30:304‐11. - PubMed
Ansinelli 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ansinelli DJ. The Effectiveness of a Structured Telephone Support Program for Rural Patients with Heart Failure. http://wvuscholar.wvu.edu:8881/R/?func=dbin‐jump‐full&object_id=28040 (accessed 20 July 2015). West Virginia University, 2013.
Archelrod 2014 {published data only}
    1. Archelrod D. Policy expectations and reality of telemedicine ‐ a critical analysis of health care outcomes, costs and acceptance for congestive heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2014;20(4):192‐200. - PubMed
Artinian 2003 {published data only}
    1. Artinian NT, Harden JK, Kronenberg MW, Vander Wal JS, Daher E, Stephens Q, et al. Pilot study of a web‐based compliance monitoring. Heart and Lung 2003;32(4):226‐33. - PubMed
Artinian 2006 {published data only}
    1. Artinian NT, Nordstrom CK, Flack JM, Washington OG, Jen K‐LC. 3307: Nurse‐managed telemonitoring is associated with improved blood pressure at 12‐months follow‐up in African Americans. Circulation 2006;114:II_702‐b.
Arya 2008 {published data only}
    1. Arya A, Block M, Kautzner J, Lewalter T, Mortel H, Sack S, et al. Influence of home monitoring on the clinical status of heart failure patients: design and rationale of the IN‐TIME study. European Journal of Heart Failure 2008;10(11):1143‐8. - PubMed
Austin 2012 {published data only}
    1. Austin LS, Landis C. An interactive technology self‐management solution. Journal of Nursing Administration 2012;42:442‐6. - PubMed
Baden 2007a {published data only}
    1. Baden D, Fleck J, Klingelberg M, Waehner M, Zugck CH, Korb H. P3939: Telemonitoring by congestive heart failure: early detection of pending cardiac decompensation and its predictive values of blood pressure and weight instability. European Heart Journal 2007;28(Suppl 1):650.
Baden 2007b {published data only}
    1. Baden D, Fleck J, Klingelberg M, Waehner M, Zugck CH, Korb H. 289: Telemonitoring by congestive heart failure: predictive value of blood pressure and weight instability in the early detection of pending cardial decompensation. European Journal of Heart Failure 2007;6(Suppl 1):61‐2.
Baer 1999 {published data only}
    1. Baer CA, Salvo TG, Cail MI, Noyes D, Kvedar JC. Electronic home monitoring of congestive heart failure patients: design and feasibility. Congestive Heart Failure 1999;5:105‐13. - PubMed
Bakhshi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bakhshi S, Xin Li, Semenov N, Apodaca‐Madrid J, Mahoor MH, Newman KE, et al. Congestive heart failure home monitoring pilot study in urban Denver. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011:3150‐3. - PubMed
Baldauf 2008 {published data only}
    1. Baldauf RD, Williams CM, Natasha C, Menon S, Chung E. Establishing the telephonic connection: easing the transition from hospital to home through experienced nursing. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(6):S110.
Baldonado 2013 {published data only}
    1. Baldonado A, Rodriguez L, Renfro D, Sheridan SB, McElrath M, Chardos J. A home telehealth heart failure management program for veterans through care transitions. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 2013;32:162‐5. - PubMed
Barber 1999 {published data only}
    1. Barber ML. Community‐focused nurse case management by telephone for patients with congestive heart failure. eScholarship Repository ‐ Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection, Texas Tech University 1999.
Bekelman 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bekelman DB, Plomondon ME, Sullivan MD, Nelson K, Hattler B, McBryde C, et al. Patient‐centered disease management (PCDM) for heart failure: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2013;13:49. - PMC - PubMed
Benatar 2003 {published data only}
    1. Benatar D, Bondmass M, Ghitelam J, Avitall B. Outcomes of chronic heart failure. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003;163(10):347‐52. - PubMed
Ben Gal 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ben Gal T, Amir O, Rappaport D, Rekant K, Adamson PB, Anker S, et al. A pilot study on the feasibility of heart failure medical management based on daily monitoring of pulmonary subclinical congestion with ReDS technology in outpatient set up. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S75.
Bennett 2006 {published data only}
    1. Bennett SJ, Litzelman DK, Wright A, Perkins SM, Wu J, Meyer L, et al. The PUMP‐UP tailored computerized program for heart failure care. Nursing Outlook 2006;54(1):39‐45. - PubMed
Bennett Milburna 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bennett Milburna A, Hewittb M, Griffinc P, Savelsberghd M. The value of remote monitoring systems for treatment of chronic disease. IIE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering 2014;4(2):65‐79.
Berkley 2010 {published data only}
    1. Berkley R, Bauer S, Rowland C. How telehealth can increase the effectiveness of chronic heart failure management. Nursing Times 2010;106:14‐5. - PubMed
Blue 2001 {published data only}
    1. Blue L, Lang E, McMurray JJ, DAvie AP, McDonagh TA, Murdoch DR, et al. Randomised controlled trial of specialist nurse intervention in heart failure. BMJ 2001;323(7315):715‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Bocchi 2007 (REMADHE) {published data only}
    1. Bocchi EA, Cruz F, Guimarães G, Brandão SM, Costa P, Ferreira SMA, et al. Late effects of a disease program management on mortality, hospitalisation, and quality of life in heart failure patients followed by cardiologists with experience in heart failure‐ a randomised and prospective trial (Abstract #1022‐143). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;49:42A‐98A.
Bocchi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bocchi EA, Cruz F, Brandao S, Guimaraes G, Bacal F, Issa VS, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of long‐term disease management program in heart failure: Results from the REMADHE trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S122‐3.
Bohacik 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bohacik J, Kambhampati C, Davis DN, Cleland JGF. Use of cumulative information estimations for risk assessment of heart failure patients. FUZZ IEEE. 2014:1402‐7.
Bohmer 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bohmer A, Wieser M, Weywar I, Frauendorfer H, Kronik G. The "Kremser model": Successful disease management programme for patients with chronic heart failure. [German] Das "Kremser modell": Erfolgreiches disease‐management zur betreuung von patienten mit herzinsuffizienz. Journal fur Kardiologie 2011;18:299‐306.
Bolz 2005 {published data only}
    1. Bolz A, Braecklein M, Moor C, Gmelin M. The technical possibilities in telemonitoring of physiological parameters [Technische Möglichkeiten des Telemonitorings physiologischer Parameter]. Herzschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie 2005;16(3):134‐42. - PubMed
Bondmass 1999 {published data only}
    1. Bondmass M, Bolger N, Castro G, Avitall B. The effect of physiological home monitoring and tele‐management on chronic heart failure outcomes. International Journal of Asthma Allergery and Immunology 1999;3:online.
Bondmass 2002 {published data only}
    1. Bondmass MD. Thesis: Outcomes of home management methods for chronic heart failure. University of Illinois at Chicago Health Sciences Centre 2002.
Bondmass 2007 {published data only}
    1. Bondmass MD. Improving outcomes for African Americans with chronic heart failure: a comparison of two home care management delivery methods. Home Health Care Management & Practice 2007;20(1):8‐20.
Boriani 2013 {published data only}
    1. Boriani G, Costa A, Ricci RP, Quesada A, Favale S, Iacopino S, et al. The MOnitoring Resynchronization dEvices and CARdiac patiEnts (MORE‐CARE) randomized controlled trial: phase 1 results on dynamics of early intervention with remote monitoring. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2013;15(8):e167. - PMC - PubMed
Bourge 2008 (COMPASS‐HF) {published data only}
    1. Bourge RC, Abraham WT, Adamson PB, Aaron MF, Aranda JM Jr, Magalski A, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an implantable continuous hemodynamic monitor in patients with advanced heart failure: the COMPASS‐HF study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008;51(11):1073‐9. - PubMed
Bowles 2007 {published data only}
    1. Bowles KH, Baugh AC. Applying research evidence to optimise tele home care. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2007;22(1):5‐15. - PMC - PubMed
Bowles 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bowles K, Horowitz D. The advantages and disadvantages of heart failure disease management when randomly assigned to be delivered by telehealth or telephone. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(6):6S.
Bowles 2009 {published data only}
    1. Bowles KH, Holland DE, Horowitz DA. A comparison of in‐person home care, home care with telephone contact and home care with telemonitoring for disease management. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2009;15(7):344‐50. - PMC - PubMed
Bowles 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bowles KH, Hanlon AL, Glick HA, Naylor MD, O'Connor M, Riegel B, et al. Clinical effectiveness, access to, and satisfaction with care using a telehomecare substitution intervention: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2011. - PMC - PubMed
Brennan 2006 {published data only}
    1. Brennan PF, Burke L, Casper G, Sebern M, Krause C, Kossman S, et al. Creating technology‐enhanced practice: a university‐home care‐corporate alliance. Consumer‐Centered Computer Supported Care for Healthy People 2006;122:644‐8. - PubMed
Brennan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Brennan PF, Casper GR, Burke LJ, Johnson K, Brown R, Valdez RS, et al. Technology‐enhanced practice for patients with chronic cardiac disease: Home implementation and evaluation. Heart & Lung 2010;39(6 Suppl):S34‐46. - PMC - PubMed
Browning 2011 {published data only}
    1. Browning SV, Clark RC, Poff R, Todd D. Telehealth monitoring: a smart investment for home care patients with heart failure?. Home Healthcare Nurse 2011;29:368‐74. - PubMed
Brownsell 2006a {published data only}
    1. Brownsell S, Blackburn S, Aldred H, Hawley M. Two tele‐care examples from the UK: lifestyle reassurance and chronic heart failure. The 10th World Multi‐Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics. Orlando, Florida, July 16‐19 2006; Vol. IV:136‐41.
Brownsell 2006b {published data only}
    1. Brownsell S, Aldred H, Hawley MS. Telemonitoring chronic heart failure: interim findings from a pilot study in South Yorkshire. British Journal of Healthcare Computing and Information Management 2006;23(8):14‐8.
Brownsell 2008 {published data only}
    1. Brownsell S, Aldred H, Young T, Hawley MS. Reforming health care through information and communication technologies. Journal of Care Service Management 2008;2(3):286‐300.
Brunetti 2014 {published data only}
    1. Brunetti ND, Dellegrottaglie G, Giuseppe G, Biase M. Remote tele‐medicine cardiologist support for care manager nursing of chronic cardiovascular disease: preliminary report. International Journal of Cardiology 2014;176:552‐6. - PubMed
Byrnes 2012 {published data only}
    1. Byrnes JM, Goldstein S, Venator B, Pollicino C, Ng SK, Veroff D, et al. The impact of population‐based disease management services for selected chronic conditions: the Costs to Australian Private Insurance ‐ Coaching Health (CAPICHe) study protocol. BMC Public Health 2012;12:6. - PMC - PubMed
Caldwell 2005 {published data only}
    1. Caldwell MA, Peters KJ, Dracup KA. A simplified education program improves knowledge, self‐care behavior, and disease severity in heart failure patients in rural settings. American Heart Journal 2005;150(5):983.e7‐e12. - PubMed
Call 2010 {published data only}
    1. Call C, Hartwig M, Pope S, Hedrick M, Bacher S, Jennison S. Opportunity for improvement: heart failure readmissions 30 days. 2010 AAHFN 6th Annual Meeting, June 24‐26, 2010. Heart & Lung 2010;39:368.
Calò 2013 {published data only}
    1. Calò L, Gargaro A, Ruvo E, Palozzi G, Sciarra L, Rebecchi M, et al. Economic impact of remote monitoring on ordinary follow‐up of implantable cardioverter defibrillators as compared with conventional in‐hospital visits. A single‐center prospective and randomized study. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 2013;37(1):69‐78. - PubMed
Calvin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Calvin JE, Powell L, Richardson D, Janssen I. Impact of self‐management training on high‐risk patients with heart failure: results from the Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART). Abstract #63. Circulation 2008;117(21):e423.
Capomolla 2002 {published data only}
    1. Capomolla S, Febo O, Ceresa M, Caporotondi A, Guazzotti G, Rovere MT, et al. Cost/utility ratio in chronic heart failure: comparison between heart failure management program delivered by day‐hospital and usual care. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2002;40(7):1259‐66. - PubMed
Chen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chen YH, Ho YL, Huang HC, Wu HW, Lee CY, Hsu TP, et al. Assessment of the Clinical Outcomes and Cost‐effectiveness of the Management of Systolic Heart Failure in Chinese Patients Using a Home‐based Intervention. Journal of International Medical Research 2010;38:242‐52. - PubMed
Chen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chen L, Ho TW, Lai F, Ho YL, Hsu TP. Evaluating the requirements of patients with heart diseases in a telehealthcare service. IEEE. 2014:1‐4.
Cherry 2000 {published data only}
    1. Cherry JC, Colliflower SJ, Tsiperfal A. Meeting the challenges of case management with remote patient monitoring technology. Lippincotts Case Mangagement 2000;5:191‐8. - PubMed
Chetney 2003 {published data only}
    1. Chetney R. Home care that doesn't miss a beat. Home Healthcare Nurse 2003;21:680‐6. - PubMed
Chetney 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chetney R. Using telehealth to avoid urgent care and hospitalisation. Home Health Care Management and Practice 2008;20(2):154‐60.
Clappers 2006 {published data only}
    1. Clappers N, Verheugt FWA. Hotline sessions of the 28th European Congress of Cardiology/World Congress of Cardiology 2006. European Heart Journal 2006;27(23):2896‐9. - PubMed
Clark 2008 {published data only}
    1. Clark AM, Reid ME, Morrison CE, Capewell S, Murdoch DL, McMurray JJ. The complex nature of informal care in home‐based heart failure management. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2008;61(4):373‐83. - PubMed
Clarke 2005 {published data only}
    1. Clarke M, Jones R. A telemonitoring architecture to support chronic disease management and acute episode monitoring. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2005;4:3711‐3. - PubMed
Cleland 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cleland JGF, Atkin P, Slottje K, Domingo M, Mabote T, Navarro X, et al. The HeartCycle trial of a 3rd generation home telemonitoring system for patients with severe heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure, Supplement 2012;11:S85‐6.
Cleland 2014a {published data only}
    1. Cleland JGF, Frankenstein L, Slottje K, Dierckx R, Whitehead C, Domingo M, et al. Home telemonitoring, algorithm‐assisted, diuretic‐minimization in patients with heart failure stabilised after recent hospitalization. A report from theHeartCycle Programme. European Journal of Heart Failure 2014;16:s2.
Cline 1998 {published data only}
    1. Cline CM, Israelsson BY, Willenheimer RB, Broms K, Erhardt LR. Cost effective management programme for heart failure reduces hospitalisation. Heart 1998;80(5):442‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Cole 2006 {published data only}
    1. Cole SA, Farber NC, Weiner JS, Sulfaro M, Katzelnick DJ, Blader JC. Double‐disease management or one care manager for two chronic conditions: pilot feasibility study of nurse telephonic disease management for depression and congestive heart failure. Disease Management 2006;9(5):266‐76. - PubMed
Coll 2011 {published data only}
    1. Coll J, Sanjoaquin AC, Lopez M, Romero D, Pinilla R, Ochoa P. Does a Preventive Telemonitoring Service improve the quality of life of frail elderly? Preliminary results of the European project Dreaming. European Geriatric Medicine 2011;2:S128‐9.
Conway 2014 {published data only}
    1. Conway A, Inglis SC, Clark RA. Effective Technologies for Noninvasive Remote Monitoring in Heart Failure. Telemedicine and E‐Health 2014;20:531‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Copeland 2010 {published data only}
    1. Copeland LA, Berg GD, Johnson DM, Bauer RL. An intervention for VA patients with congestive heart failure. American Journal of Managed Care 2010;16(3):158‐65. - PubMed
Cordisco 1999 {published data only}
    1. Cordisco ME, Beniamonivitz A, Hammond K, Mancini D. Use of telemonitoring to decrease the rate of hospitalisation in patients with severe congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 1999;84:860‐2. - PubMed
Courtney 2009 {published data only}
    1. Courtney M, Edwards H, Chang A, Parker A, Finlayson K, Hamilton K. Fewer emergency readmissions and better quality of life for older adults at risk of hospital readmission: a randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a 24‐week exercise and telephone follow‐up program. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2009;57(3):395‐402. - PubMed
Cross 1999 {published data only}
    1. Cross M. A scale that talks back. Health Data Management 1999;7:76‐8. - PubMed
Crundall‐Goode 2014 {published data only}
    1. Crundall‐Goode A, Goode KM. Using telehealth for heart failure: Barriers, pitfalls and nursing service models. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 2014;9:396‐406.
Cruz 2010 {published data only}
    1. Cruz F, Issa VS, Ayub‐Ferreira SM Chizzola PR, Souza Germano EC, Moreira Luiz FP, et al. Effect of a sequential education and monitoring programme on quality‐of‐life components in heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2010;12(9):1009‐15. - PubMed
Dalmiani 2001 {published data only}
    1. Dalmiani S, Passino C, Macerata A, Emdin M. An informative system for chronic heart failure patients follow‐up (CHeF). Computers in Cardiology. 23‐26 September 2001:569‐72.
Dang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Dang S, Ma F, Nedd N, Aguilar EJ, Roos BA. Differential resource utilisation benefits with Internet ‐based care coordination in elderly veterans with chronic disease associated with high resource utilization. Telemedicine Journal and e‐Health 2006;12:14‐23. - PubMed
Dansky 2008a {published data only}
    1. Dansky KH, Vasey J, Bowles K. Impact of telehealth on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Clinical Nursing Research 2008;17(3):182‐99. - PubMed
Dansky 2008b {published data only}
    1. Dansky KH, Vasey J, Bowles K. Use of telehealth by older adults to manage heart failure. Research in Gerontological Nursing 2008;1(1):25‐32. - PubMed
Dansky 2009 {published data only}
    1. Dansky K, Vasey J. Managing heart failure patients after formal homecare. Telemedicine Journal & E‐Health 2009;15(10):983‐91. - PubMed
Dar 2009 (HOME‐HF) {published data only}
    1. Dar O, Riley J, Chapman C, Dubrey SW, Morris S, Rosen SD, et al. A randomised trial of home telemonitoring in atypical elderly heart failure population in northwest London: results of the Home‐HF study. European Journal of Heart Failure 2009;11(3):319‐25. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dar OA, Riley J, Chapman C, Dubrey SW, Morris S, Rosen S, et al. The Home Heart Failure Study (HOME‐HF): A randomised controlled trial of home telemonitoring of heart failure patients at high risk of readmission and death (Abstract #197). Heart 2008;94:A106‐7.
    1. Dar OA, Riley JA, Chapman C, Dubrey S, Rosen S, Morris S, et al. 2341 Telemonitoring in an elderly, urban, multi‐ethnic population: results of a UK multi‐centre randomised controlled trial. The Home Heart Failure (HOME‐HF) study. European Heart Journal 2008;29:p381.
    1. Riley J, Cowie MR. Telemonitoring in heart failure. Heart 2009;95(23):1964‐8. - PubMed
    1. Riley J, Dar O, Gabe J, Cowie MR. 1400 Telemonitoring in heart failure: changing roles and challenging relationships. The HOME‐HF study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2008;7(Suppl 1):S58.
Deckwart 2011 {published data only}
    1. Deckwart O, Fiss G, Laurisch A, Winkler S, Koehler F. P166 Analysis of the content of consultations between patients and nursing staff in the course of telemedical care for chronic heart failure. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2011;10:S29.
Dedier 2008 {published data only}
    1. Dedier J, Migneault J, Heeren T, Friedman R. 4430: A culturally‐adapted automated telecommunications system improves medication adherence and blood pressure control in urban African Americans. Circulation 2008;118:S888.
Deepak 2008 {published data only}
    1. Deepak SM, Waywell CA, Khan WM, Coppinger T, Borg A, Harper LB, et al. 1036‐152 Home uptitration of beta‐blockers by heart failure clinic patients with telephone advice: a British Heart experience. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006;47(4 Suppl A):270A.
De Feo 2002 {published data only}
    1. Feo S, Opasich C. To educate or to communicate: a non‐pharmacological treatment for the patient with heart failure? [Educare e comunicare: terapienon farmacologiche per il pazientecon scompenso cardiaco cronico?]. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2002;58(1):52‐3. - PubMed
Delaney 2013 {published data only}
    1. Delaney C, Apostolidis B, Bartos S, Morrison H, Smith Li, Fortinsky R. A randomized trial of telemonitoring and self‐care education in heart failure patients following home care discharge. Home Health Care Management & Practice 2013;25:187‐95.
Del Sindaco 2007 {published data only}
    1. Sindaco D, Pulignano G, Minardi G, Apostoli A, Guerrieri L, Rotoloni M, et al. Two‐year outcome of a prospective, controlled study of a disease management programme for elderly patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 2007;8(5):324‐9. - PubMed
Demarzo 2006 {published data only}
    1. Demarzo AP, Calvin JE. Using impedance cardiography as a decision aid for diagnosing and managing heart failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;21(2):114.
De Vries 2011a {published data only}
    1. Vries AE, Jong RM, Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Dijk RB, Hillege HL. The value of INnovative ICT guided disease management combined with Telemonitoring in OUtpatient clinics for Chronic Heart failure patients. Design and methodology of the IN TOUCH study: a multicenter randomised trial. BMC Health Services Research 2011;11:167. - PMC - PubMed
De Vries 2011b {published data only}
    1. Vries AE, Jaarsma T, Wal MHW, Jong RM, Dijk RB, Hillege HL. State of the art of telemonitoring in Dutch heart failure clinics. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2011;11:S72.
Dickens 2012 {published data only}
    1. Dickens C, Vuckovic K, Nehmer M, DiDomenico R, Kerbow D, Stamos T, et al. Improving the heart failure readmission rate at an urban medical center. Western Journal of Nursing Research 2012;34:1066‐7. - PubMed
Dickerson 2011 {published data only}
    1. Dickerson A, Alexander C, Bucher G, Holt J. Christiana care visiting nurse association telehealth program: A work in progress. Heart & Lung 2011;40:373‐4.
Dimmick 2003 {published data only}
    1. Dimmick SL, Burgiss SG, Robbin S, Black D, Jarnagin B, Andres M. Outcomes of an integrated telehealth network demonstration project. Telemedicine and Journal of E‐Health 2003;9:13‐23. - PubMed
Dollard 2004 {published data only}
    1. Dollard J, Smith J, Thompson DR, Stewart S. Broadening the reach of cardiac rehabilitation to rural and remote Australia. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2004;3(1):27‐42. - PubMed
Dougherty 2005 {published data only}
    1. Dougherty CM, Thompson EA, Lewis FM. Long‐term outcomes of a telephone intervention after an ICD. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2005;28(11):1157‐67. - PubMed
Doughty 2002 {published data only}
    1. Doughty RN, Wright SP, Pearl A, Walsh HJ, Muncaster S, Whalley GA, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of integrated heart failure management: the Auckland Heart Failure Management Study. European Heart Journal 2002;23(2):139‐46. - PubMed
Downey 2001 {published data only}
    1. Downey C. Disease management uses web to net savings. Managed Care Magazine http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0107/0107.online_dm.html 2001 (accessed 16 June 2010).
Dracup 2012 {published data only}
    1. Dracup K, Moser D, Pelter M, Nesbitt T, Southard J, Paul S M, et al. A focused heart failure self‐care intervention reduces cardiac deaths in rural patients. Circulation 2012; Vol. 126: A10687.
Ducharme 2005 {published data only}
    1. Ducharme A, Doyon O, White M, Rouleau JL, Brophy JM. Impact of care at a multidisciplinary congestive heart failure clinic: a randomised trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2005;173(1):40‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Duffy 2005 {published data only}
    1. Duffy JR, Hoskins LM, Dudley‐Brown S. Development and testing of a caring‐based intervention for older adults with heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2005;20(5):325‐33. - PubMed
Duffy 2008 {published data only}
    1. Duffy JR, Hoskins LM. Research challenges and lessons learned from a heart failure tele‐homecare study. Home Healthcare Nurse 2008;26(1):58‐65. - PubMed
Duffy 2010 {published data only}
    1. Duffy JR, Hoskins LM, Dudley‐Brown S. Improving outcomes for older adults with heart failure: a randomized trial using a theory‐guided nursing intervention. Journal of Nursing Care Quality 2010;25(1):56‐64. - PubMed
Dunagan 2005 {published data only}
    1. Dunagan C, Littenberg B, Ewald GA, Jones CA, Emery VB, Waterman BM, et al. Randomised trial of a nurse‐administered, telephone‐based diseased management program for patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2005;11(5):358‐65. - PubMed
Dunn 2006 {published data only}
    1. Dunn P, Gambetta M, Nelson D, Herron B, Arena R. Impact of a heart failure disease management program on hospitalizations. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2006;12(6):S125.
Dunn 2007 {published data only}
    1. Dunn P, Gambetta M, Nelson D, Herron B, Arena R. Reduction of B‐type natriuretic peptide using tele‐management in patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(6):S187.
Dwinger 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dwinger S, Dirmaier J, Herbarth L, Konig HH, Eckardt M, Kriston L, et al. Telephone‐based health coaching for chronically ill patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2013; Vol. 14:337. - PMC - PubMed
Ekman 1998 {published data only}
    1. Ekman I, Andersson B, Ehnfors M, Matejka G, Persson B, Fagerberg B. Feasibility of a nurse‐monitored, outpatient‐care programme for elderly patients and moderate‐to server, chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal 1998;19(8):1254‐60. - PubMed
Ellery 2006 {published data only}
    1. Ellery S, Pakrashi T, Paul V, Sack S. Predicting mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients with home monitoring: the Home CARE pilot study. Clinical Research in Cardiology 2006;95(Suppl 3):iii29‐35. - PubMed
Enemuoh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Enemuoh Chiamaka J. Implementation of telehealth for rural patients with congestive heart failure: Evaluation of healthcare access and outcome. College of St. Scholastica 2013; Vol. D.N.P.:101 p.
Enjuanes 2013a {published data only}
    1. Enjuanes Grau C, Comin Colet J, Verdu Rotellar JM, Gonzalez RG, Linas AA, Ruiz RP, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and costs impact of a telemonitoring and teleintervention trough videoconference program for patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. European Heart Journal 2013;34:941.
Erich 2013a {published data only}
    1. Erich J. MIH Approach Proves Positive for Chicago CHF Trial. EMS World 2013;42:32‐7. - PubMed
Erich 2013b {published data only}
    1. Erich J. Chicago MIH Effort Targets CHF Patients. EMS World 2013;42:18‐20.
Esposito 2008 {published data only}
    1. Esposito D, Brown R, Chen A, Schore J, Shapiro R. Impacts of a disease management program for dually eligible beneficiaries. Health Care Financing Review 2008;30(1):27‐45. - PMC - PubMed
Evangelista 2004 {published data only}
    1. Evangelista LS, Stromberg A, Westlake C, Ter‐Galstanyan A, Anderson N, Dracup K. Developing a web‐based education and counselling program for heart failure patients. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;21(4):196‐201. - PubMed
Fairbrother 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fairbrother P, Ure J, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Denvir M, Sheikh A, et al. Telemonitoring for chronic heart failure: the views of patients and healthcare professionals ‐ a qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2014;23:132‐44. - PubMed
Falces 2008 {published data only}
    1. Falces C, López‐Cabezas C, Andrea R, Arnau A, Ylla M, Sadurní J. [An educative intervention to improve treatment compliance and to prevent readmissions of elderly patients with heart failure]. Medicina Clinica 2008;131(12):452‐6. - PubMed
Fan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Fan HH, Shi HY, Jin W, Zhu YJ, Huang DN, Yan YW, et al. Effects of integrated disease management program on the outcome of patients with heart failure. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi (Chinese Journal of Cardiology) 2010;38(7):592‐6. - PubMed
Feldman 2004 {published data only}
    1. Feldman PH, Peng TR, Murtaugh CM, Kelleher C, Donelson SM, McCann ME, et al. A randomised intervention to improve heart failure outcomes in community‐based home health care. Home Health Care Services Quarterly 2004;23(1):1‐23. - PubMed
Feldman 2005 {published data only}
    1. Feldman PH, Murtaugh CM, Pezzin LE, McDonald MV, Peng TR. Just‐in‐time evidence‐based e‐mail "reminders" in home health care: impact on patient outcomes. Health Services Research 2005;40(3):865‐85. - PMC - PubMed
Ferguson 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ferguson G, Quinn J, Horwitz C, Swift M, Allen J, Galescu L. Towards a Personal Health Management Assistant. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2010;43:S13‐6. - PubMed
Finkelstein 2004 {published data only}
    1. Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Demiris G, Veen M, Lundgren JM, Potthoff S. Telehomecare: quality, perception, satisfaction. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2004;10(2):122‐8. - PubMed
Finkelstein 2006 {published data only}
    1. Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Potthoff S. Home telehealth improves clinical outcomes at lower cost for home healthcare. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2006;12(2):128‐36. - PubMed
Finkelstein 2010a {published data only}
    1. Finkelstein J, Cha E, Dennison C R. Exploring feasibility of home telemanagement in African Americans with congestive heart failure. MEDINFO 2010: Proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Medical Informatics, Part 1. Studies in Health Technology & Informatics 2010;160:535‐9. - PubMed
Finkelstein 2010b {published data only}
    1. Finkelstein J, Dennison CR. A Pilot Study of Home Automated Telemanagement (HAT) System in African Americans with Congestive Heart Failure. eHealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine, 2010 ETELEMED '10 Second International Conference. 2010:90‐4.
Finkelstein 2011 {published data only}
    1. Finkelstein J, Wood J. Implementing home telemanagement of congestive heart failure using Xbox gaming platform. 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS. 2011:3158‐63. - PubMed
Florea 2011 {published data only}
    1. Florea VG, Anand IS. Clinical trial report: Reevaluating telemonitoring in heart failure. Current Heart Failure Reports 2011;8:84‐6. - PubMed
Foley 2008 {published data only}
    1. Foley S. Heart Failure study: nurse‐led management proves disheartening. American Journal of Nursing 2008;108(5):19‐20.
Fragrasso 2007 {published data only}
    1. Fragasso G, Cuko A, Spoladore R, Montano C, Palloshi A, Silipigni C, et al. Validation of remote cardiopulmonary examination in patients with heart failure with a videophone‐based system. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(4):281‐6. - PubMed
Friedberg 2008 {published data only}
    1. Friedberg MW. Nurse‐led counselling had no effect on heart failure outcomes. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management 2008;15(4):170‐1.
Fursse 2008 {published data only}
    1. Fursse J, Clarke M, Jones R, Khemka S, Findlay G. Early experience in using telemonitoring for the management of chronic disease in primary care. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2008;14(3):122‐4. - PubMed
Gambetta 2007 {published data only}
    1. Gambetta M, Dunn P, Nelson D, Herron B, Arean R. Impact of the implementation of tele‐management on a disease management program in an elderly heart failure cohort. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2007;22(FALL):196‐200. - PubMed
Gámez‐López 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gámez‐López AL, Bonilla‐Palomas JL, Anguita‐Sánchez M, Castillo‐Domínguez JC, Arizón del Prado JM, Suárez de Lezo J. [Effects of three different disease management programs on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: a randomized trial]. Medicina Clinica 2012;138(5):192‐8. - PubMed
Garcia 2009 {published data only}
    1. Garcia Lizana F, Yanes Lopez V. Information and communications technologies in CHF management programmes. Organizational challenges and evidence status (Structured abstract). Agencia de Evaluacion de Tecnologias Sanitarias (AETS) 2009.
Gellis 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gellis ZD, Kenaley B, McGinty J, Bardelli E, Davitt J, Have T. Outcomes of a telehealth intervention for homebound older adults with heart or chronic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontologist 2012;52:541‐52. - PubMed
Gellis 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gellis ZD, Kenaley BL, Have TT. Integrated Telehealth Care for Chronic Illness and Depression in Geriatric Home Care Patients: The Integrated Telehealth Education and Activation of Mood (I‐TEAM) Study [2014]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2014;62(5):889‐95. - PubMed
Giamouzis 2012 {published data only}
    1. Giamouzis G, Mastrogiannis D, Koutrakis K, Karayannis G, Parisis C, Rountas C, et al. Telemonitoring in chronic heart failure: a systematic review. Cardiology Research & Practice 2012;2012:410820. - PMC - PubMed
Giordano 2013 {published data only}
    1. Giordano A, Scalvini S, Paganoni AM, Baraldo S, Frigerio M, Vittori C, et al. Home‐Based Telesurveillance Program in Chronic Heart Failure: Effects on Clinical Status and Implications for 1‐Year Prognosis. Telemedicine and E‐Health 2013;19:605‐12. - PubMed
Goldstein 2014 {published data only}
    1. Goldstein CM, Gathright EC, Dolansky MA, Gunstad J, Sterns A, Redle JD, et al. Randomized controlled feasibility trial of two telemedicine medication reminder systems for older adults with heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2014;20(6):293‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Grancelli 2007 {published data only}
    1. Grancelli HO, Ferrante DC. Telephone interventions for disease management in heart failure. BMJ 2007;334:910‐1. - PMC - PubMed
Granger 2013 {published data only}
    1. Granger BB, Bosworth H, Hernandez A, Reed S, Ekman I. Results of the chronic heart failure intervention to improve medication adherence (CHIME) study: A randomized self‐management intervention in high risk non‐adherent patients. Circulation 2013;128:A18245.
Graves 2013 {published data only}
    1. Graves BA, Ford CD, Mooney KD. Telehealth technologies for heart failure disease management in rural areas: an integrative review. Online Journal of Rural Nursing & Health Care 2013;13:56‐83.
Gregory 2006 (SPAN‐CHF) {published data only}
    1. Gregory D, Kimmelstiel C, Perry K, Parikh A, Konstam V, Konstam MA. Hospital cost effect of a heart failure disease management program: The Specialized Primary and Networked Care in Heart Failure (SPAN‐CHF) trial. American Heart Journal 2006;151(5):1013‐8. - PubMed
Grustam 2014 {published data only}
    1. Grustam AS, Severens JL, Nijnatten J, Koymans R, Vrijhoef HJM. Cost‐effectiveness of telehealth interventions for chronic heart failure patients: a literature review. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2014;30:59‐68. - PubMed
Gund 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gund A, Ekman I, Lindecrantz K, Sjoqvist BA, Staaf EL, Thorneskold N. Design evaluation of a home‐based tele‐care system for chronic heart failure patients. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference 2008:5851‐4. - PubMed
Gurne 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gurne O, Conraads V, Missault L, Mullens W, Vachierys JL, Mieghem W, et al. A critical review on telemonitoring in heart failure. Acta Cardiologica 2012;67:439‐44. - PubMed
Hall 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hall P, Morris M. Improving heart failure in home care with chronic disease management and telemonitoring. Home Healthcare Nurse 2010;28:606‐19. - PubMed
Hanssen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hanssen TA, Nordrehaug JE, Eide GE, Hanestad BR. Can telephone follow‐up after discharge improve lifestyle factors after a myocardial infarction? A randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2007;6(Suppl 1):S43‐S44.
Harkness 2006 {published data only}
    1. Harkness K. A telephone intervention reduced combined all cause mortality or admission for worsening heart failure in chronic heart failure. Evidence Based Nursing 2006;9(2):55. - PubMed
Harrison 2002 {published data only}
    1. Harrison MB, Browne GB, Roberts J, Tugwell P, Gafni A, Graham ID. Quality of life of individuals with heart failure: a randomised trial of the effectiveness of two models of hospital‐to‐home transition. Medical Care 2002;40(4):271‐82. - PubMed
Hart‐Wright 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hart‐Wright J, Patrick S, He H, Green J, Rierson M, Teal G, et al. Effectiveness of a nurse‐led telephonic support program for heart failure patients. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;21(2):111.
Hayes, 2008 {published data only}
    1. Hayes, Inc. Remote monitoring of patients with congestive heart failure (Structured abstract). HAYES, Inc 2008.
Hayes, 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hayes, Inc. Mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT) (CardioNet ambulatory ECG monitor; CardioNet Inc.) for home monitoring of cardiac patients (Structured abstract). HAYES, Inc 2011.
Heidenreich 1999 {published data only}
    1. Heidenreich PA, Ruggerio CM, Massie BM. Effect of a home monitoring system on hospitalisation and resource use for patients with heart failure. American Heart Journal 1999;138:633‐40. - PubMed
Heisler 2007 {published data only}
    1. Heisler M, Halasyamani L, Resnicow K, Neaton M, Shanahan J, Brown S, et al. “I am not alone”: the feasibility and acceptability of interactive voice response–facilitated telephone peer support among older adults with heart failure. Congestive Heart Failure 2007;13:149‐57. - PubMed
Helms 2007 {published data only}
    1. Helms TM, Pelleter JT, Ronneberger DL. Telemetric care of patients suffering from chronic heart failure with special reference to the telemetric care and education program "Telemedizin fürs Herz" ("Telemedicine for the heart"). Herz 2007;32(8):623‐9. - PubMed
Helms 2010 {published data only}
    1. Helms TM, Pelleter J, Kroettinger A, Budych K, Thoden E, Sohn S, et al. Advantages and restrictions of telemonitoring in chronic heart failure ‐ experiences and results from the integrated care concept telemedicine for the heart. European Heart Journal 2010;31((Abstract Suppl)):P1443. 226‐227.
Hennrikus 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hennrikus E. Communication between the primary care physician and the hospitalist at the time of patient admission. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management 2012;19:453‐9.
Hindricks 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hindricks G, Taborsky M, Glikson M, Heinrich U, Schumacher B, Katz A, et al. IN‐TIME Study Group. Implant‐based multiparameter telemonitoring of patients with heart failure (IN‐TIME): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014;384(9943):583‐90. - PubMed
Hinterbuchner 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hinterbuchner L, Fritsch MF. CardioMobile home care for congestive heart failure. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2010;9:S30.
Ho 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ho YL, Hsu TP, Chen CP, Lee CY, Lin YH, Hsu RB, et al. Improved cost‐effectiveness for management of chronic heart failure by combined home‐based intervention with clinical nursing specialists. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 2007;106(4):313‐9. - PubMed
Hoban 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hoban MB, Fedor M, Reeder S, Chernick M. The effect of telemonitoring at home on quality of life and self‐care behaviors of patients with heart failure. Home Healthcare Nurse 2013;31(7):368‐77. - PubMed
Holland 2014 {published data only}
    1. Holland DE, Vanderboom CE, Ingram CJ, Dose AM, Borkenhagen LS, Skadahl P, et al. The feasibility of using technology to enhance the transition of palliative care for rural patients. Computers, Informatics, Nursing: CIN 2014;32(6):257‐66. - PubMed
Holly 2011 {published data only}
    1. Holly C. Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. International Journal of Evidence‐Based Healthcare 2011;9:274‐5.
Holst 2007 {published data only}
    1. Holst M, Willen Heimer R, Mårtensson J, Lindholm M, Strömberg A. Telephone follow‐up of self‐care behaviour after a single session education of patients with heart failure in primary health care. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2007;6(2):153‐9. - PubMed
Hoover 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hoover CA, Simones J, Wilson R, Greenlee K, Schimnich M, Lilemoen J, et al. Abstract 2235: promoting self‐management in heart failure patients through education and telemonitoring. Circulation 2007;116:II_486.
Hoover 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hoover C. The difference in outcomes for the use of telemonitoring on elderly home care patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of heart failure. Heart & Lung 2009;38:262.
Howlett 2011 {published data only}
    1. Howlett JG, Marr D, Palmer K, O'Neill BJ, Rajda M. A comparison of primary care, home‐based telemonitoring, telemonitoring with video, or specialist directed heart failure clinic care for patients with high risk heart failure. Circulation 2011;124:A17680.
Hudson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hudson LR, Hamar B, Orr P, Johnson JH, Neftzger A, Chung RS, et al. Remote physiological monitoring : clinical, financial and behavioural outcomes in a heart failure population. Disease Management 2005;5:372‐81. - PubMed
Huynh 2006 {published data only}
    1. Huynh BC, Rovner A, Rich MW. Long‐term survival in elderly patients hospitalized for heart failure. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166:1892‐8. - PubMed
Jaarsma (COACH Study) {published data only}
    1. Jaarsma T, Veldhuisen DJ, Wal MHL. NHF‐COACH multicenter trial in the Netherlands: searching for underlying potentially beneficial mechanisms in nurse led heart failure management. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2002;17(2):96‐8. - PubMed
    1. Jaarsma T, Wal MHL, Hogenhuis J, Lesman I, Luttik MLA, Veeger NJGM, et al. Design and methodology of the COACH study: a multicenter randomised Coordinating study evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counselling in Heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2004;6(2):227‐33. - PubMed
    1. Jaarsma T, Wal MHL, Lesman‐Leegte I, Luttik ML, Hogenhuis J, Veeger NJ, et al. Effect of moderate or intensive disease management program on outcome in patients with heart failure: Coordinating study evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counseling in Heart failure (COACH). Archives of Internal Medicine 2008;168(3):316‐24. - PubMed
Jaarsma 1999 {published data only}
    1. Jaarsma T. Nurse led, multidisciplinary intervention in chronic heart failure. Heart 1999;81:676. - PMC - PubMed
Jenkins 2001 {published data only}
    1. Jenkins RL, McSweeney M. Assessing elderly patients with congestive heart failure via in‐home interactive telecommunication. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 2001;27(1):21‐7. - PubMed
Jerant 2001 {published data only}
    1. Jerant AF, Azari R, Nesbit TS. Reducing the cost of frequent hospital admissions for congestive heart failure: a randomized trial of a home telecare intervention. Medical Care 2001;39(11):1234‐45. - PubMed
Jerant 2003 {published data only}
    1. Jerant AF, Azari R, Martinez C, Nesbitt TS. A randomised trial of tele‐nursing to reduce hospitalizations for heart failure: patient‐centred outcomes and nursing indicators. Home Health Care Services Quarterly 2003;22(1):1‐20. - PubMed
Johnston 2000 {published data only}
    1. Johnston B, Wheeler L, Deuser J, Sousa KH. Outcomes of the Kaiser Permanente Tele‐Home Health Research Project. Archives of Family Medicine 2000;9(1):40‐5. - PubMed
Jolly 2007 {published data only}
    1. Jolly K, Tayor RS, Lip GYH, Greenfield SM, Davies MK, Davies RC, et al. Home‐based exercise rehabilitation in addition to specialist heart failure nurse care: design, rationale and recruitment to the Birmingham Rehabilitation Uptake Maximisation study for patients with congestive heart failure (BRUM‐CHF): a randomised controlled trial. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2007;7:9. - PMC - PubMed
Jones 2002 {published data only}
    1. Jones JF, Brennan PF. Telehealth interventions to improve clinical nursing of elders. In: Archbold PG, Stewart BJ, Lyons KS editor(s). Annual Review of Nursing Research. New York: Springer, 2002:293‐322. - PubMed
Jones 2014 {published data only}
    1. Jones A, Hedges‐Chou J, Bates J, Loyola M, Lear S A, Jarvis‐Selinger S. Home Telehealth for Chronic Disease Management: Selected Findings of a Narrative Synthesis. Telemedicine and E‐Health 2014;20:346‐80. - PubMed
Juan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Juan C, Sanjoaquın AC, Lopez M, Romeroa D, Pinilla R, Ochoa P. Presentation of a frail elderly telemonitoring service lessons learned in the Barbarstro health care area. European Geriatric Medicine 2011;2(1):S24‐206.
Karlsson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Karlsson MR, Edner M, Henrisksson P, Mejhert M, Persson H, Grut M, et al. A nurse‐based management program in heart failure patients affects females and persons with cognitive dysfunction most. Patient Education and Counseling 2005;58(2):146‐53. - PubMed
Kashem 2007 {published data only}
    1. Kashem A, Droogan MT, Santamore WP, Wald JW, Bove AA. Managing heart failure care using an internet‐based telemedicine system. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(2):121‐6. - PubMed
    1. Kashem A, Droogan MT, Santamore WP, Wald JW, Marble JF, Cross RC, et al. Web‐based internet telemedicine management of patients with heart failure. Telemedicine and e‐Health 2006;12(4):439‐47. - PubMed
    1. Kashem A, Santamore WP, Cross RC, Homko CJ, Zamora L, Berger PT, et al. 1018‐192 Preliminary outcome of web‐based telemedicine clinical trial for disease management: comparison of 4‐ versus 8‐months follow‐up visits. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;49(9 Suppl A):285A‐286A.
    1. Santamore WP, Homko C, Marble J, Wald J, Bove AA. Improving heart failure care by using a telemedicine system. Conference Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2004;4:3076‐9. - PubMed
Kasper 2002 {published data only}
    1. Kasper EK, Gerstenblith G, Hefter G, Anden E, Brinker JA, Terrin M, et al. A randomised trial of the efficacy of multidisciplinary care in heart failure outpatients at high risk of hospital readmission. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2002;39(3):471‐80. - PubMed
Kastner 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kastner P, Morak J, Modre R, Kollmann A, Ebner C, Fruhwald F, et al. Innovative telemonitoring system for cardiology: from science to routine operation. Applied Clinical Informatics 2010;1:165‐76. - PMC - PubMed
Khoury 2008 {published data only}
    1. Khoury DS, Naware M, Siou J, Mathuria NS, Wang J, Shih HT, et al. Abstract 820: usefulness of monitoring in congestive heart failure by multiple bioelectric impedance vectors. 2008 Circulation;118:S_618.
Kielblock 2007 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Kielblock B, Frye Ch, Kottmair S, Hudler T, Siegmund‐Schultze E, Middeke M. Impact of telemetric management on overall treatment costs and mortality rate among patients with chronic heart failure [Einfluss einer telemedizinisch unterstützten Betreuung auf Gesamtbehandlungskosten und Mortalität bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2007;132(9):417‐22. - PubMed
Kimmelsteil 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kimmelstiel C, Levine D, Perry K, Patel AR, Sadaniantz A, Gorham N, et al. Randomized, controlled evaluation of short‐ and long‐term benefits of heart failure disease management within a diverse provider network: the SPAN‐CHF trial. Circulation 2004;110(11):1450‐5. - PubMed
Kirschner 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kirschner L, Cram N. The benefits of a tele‐home health initiative on an elderly population. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2006;January/March:40‐5.
Kitsiou 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kitsiou S, Paré G, Jaana M. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of home telemonitoring interventions for patients with chronic diseases: a critical assessment of their methodological quality. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2013;15:e150. - PMC - PubMed
Kleet 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kleet AC, Aron MA, Henry A, Fearon‐Clarke J, Giordano JI, Roman L, et al. Leveraging novel technologies: Risk stratification and care coordination. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2013;1:S82‐3.
Kline 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kline S. Telehealth and care coordination improves outcomes for veterans with heart failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;Spring:111.
Koehler 2006 {published data only}
    1. Koehler R, Anker SD. Noninvasive home telemonitoring:the Trans‐European Network–Home‐Care Management System. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006;48(4):850‐1. - PubMed
Koelling 2005 {published data only}
    1. Koelling TM, Johnson ML, Cody RJ, Aaronson KD. Discharge education improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2005;111(2):179‐85. - PubMed
Konstam 2012 {published data only}
    1. Konstam MA. Home monitoring should be the central element in an effective program of heart failure disease management. Circulation 2012;125:820‐7. - PubMed
Kottmair 2005 {published data only}
    1. Kottmair S, Frye C, Ziegenhagen DJ. Germany's disease management program: improving outcomes in congestive heart failure. Health Care Financing Review 2005;27(1):79‐87. - PMC - PubMed
Koutkias 2003 {published data only}
    1. Koutkias VG, Chouvarda I, Maglaveras N. Multi agent system architecture for heart failure management in a home care environment. Computers in Cardiology 2003;30:383‐6.
Kraal 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kraal JJ, Peek N, Akker‐Van Marle ME, Kemps HMC. Effects of home‐based training with telemonitoring guidance in low to moderate risk patients entering cardiac rehabilitation: short‐term results of the FIT@Home study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2014;21:26‐31. - PubMed
Kropf 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kropf M, Modre‐Osprian R, Hayn D, Fruhwald F, Schreier G. Telemonitoring in heart failure patients with clinical decision support to optimize medication doses based on guidelines. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2014:3168‐71. - PubMed
Krumholz 2002 {published data only}
    1. Krumholz HM, Amatruda J, Smith GL, Mattera JA, Roumanis SA, Radford MJ, et al. Randomised trial of an education and support intervention to prevent readmission of patients with heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2002;39(1):84‐9. - PubMed
Krumholz 2011 {published data only}
    1. Krumholz HM. Telemonitoring did not reduce readmissions or mortality in patients recently hospitalized for heart failure. Annals of Internal Medicine 2011;154:JC3‐8. - PubMed
Kurtz 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kurtz B, Lemercier M, Pouchin SC, Benmokhtar E, Vallet C, Cribier A, et al. Automated home telephone self‐monitoring reduces hospitalization in patients with advanced heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2011;17:298‐302. - PubMed
Kutzleb 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kutzleb J, Reiner D. The impact of nurse‐directed patient education on quality of life and functional capacity in people with heart failure. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 2006;18(3):116‐23. - PubMed
Kwok 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kwok T, Lee J, Woo J, Lee DTF, Griffith S. A randomised controlled trial of a community nurse‐supported hospital discharge programme in older patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2008;17(1):109‐17. - PubMed
LaFramboise 2003 {published data only}
    1. LaFramboise LM, Todero CM, Zimmerman L, Agrawal S. Comparison of Health Buddy with traditional approaches to heart failure management. Family Community Health 2003;4:275‐88. - PubMed
Lagido 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lagido RB, Lobo J, Leite S, Sousa C, Ferreira L, Silva‐Cardoso J. Using the smartphone camera to monitor heart rate and rhythm in heart failure patients. Biomedical and Health Informatics. 2014:556‐9.
Lavenberg 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lavenberg J G, Williams K, Behta M. Reducing heart failure readmissions (Structured abstract). Health technology Assessment Database. Center for Evidence‐based Practice (CEP), 2012.
Lehmann 2006 {published data only}
    1. Lehmann CA, Mintz N, Giacini JM. Impact of telehealth on healthcare utilization by congestive heart failure patients. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2006;14(3):163‐9.
Lemay 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lemay G, Azad N, Struthers C. Utilization of home telemonitoring in patients 75 years of age and over with complex heart failure. Journal Of Telemedicine And Telecare 2013; Vol. 19:18‐22. - PubMed
Leventhal 2011 {published data only}
    1. Leventhal ME, Denhaerynck K, Brunner‐La Rocca HP, Burnand B, Conca‐Zeller A, Bernasconi AT, et al. Swiss Interdisciplinary Management Programme for Heart Failure (SWIM‐HF): a randomised controlled trial study of an outpatient inter‐professional management programme for heart failure patients in Switzerland. Swiss Medical Weekly 2011;141:w13171. - PubMed
Lind 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lind L, Karlsson D. Digital pen‐based telemonitoring of elderly heart failure patients. MEDINFO 2013. Studies in Health Technology & Informatics 2013;192:1062. - PubMed
Lucas 2007 {published data only}
    1. Lucas CMHB, Cleuren GVJ. P622 telephone support by heart failure nurses has a significant impact on readmission rate and survival. European Heart Journal 2007;28(Suppl 1):85.
Machingo 2003 {published data only}
    1. Machingo KA, Woods LA, Parish L. CHF outcomes following implementation of telephone follow‐up monitoring. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2003;9(5 Suppl 1):S82.
Maddukuri 2006 {published data only}
    1. Maddukuri P, Woods P, Joseph J, Aragam J, McIntyre K, Sharma GVRK. Abstract 2953: Non‐invasive haemodynamic assessment by Vericor reveals heart failure management by clinical assessment alone is sub‐optimal in ambulatory patients and leads to increased heart failure hospitalisations. Circulation 2006;114:II_621.
Madigan 2008 {published data only}
    1. Madigan EA. People with heart failure and home health care resource use and outcomes. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness in association with the Journal of Clinical Nursing 2008;17(7b):253‐9. - PubMed
Madigan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Madigan E, Schmotzer BJ, Struk CJ, DiCarlo CM, Kikano G, Piña IL, et al. Home health care with telemonitoring improves health status for older adults with heart failure. Home Health Care Services Quarterly 2013;32(1):57‐74. - PMC - PubMed
Maglaveras 2002 {published data only}
    1. Maglaveras N, Gogou G, Chouvarda I, Koutkias V, Lekka I, Adamidis D, et al. Using contact centres in tele‐management and home care of congestive heart failure patients: the CHS experience. Computers in Cardiology 2002;29:281‐4.
Maglaveras 2003 {published data only}
    1. Maglaveras N, Lekka I, Chouvarda I, Adamidis D, Karvounis H, Louridas G, et al. Congestive heart failure management in a home‐care system through the CHS contact centre. Computers in Cardiology 2003;30:189‐92.
Maglaveras 2006 {published data only}
    1. Maglaveras N, Maglavera S, Lekka I, Chouvarda I, Kaimakamis V, Kilintzis V, et al. Quality home telemedicine services for chronic cardiac disease patients through the INTERLIFE platform. Computers in Cardiology 2006;33:245‐8.
Mair 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mair FS. Does remote monitoring improve outcome in patients with chronic heart failure?. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2007;4(10):588‐9. - PubMed
Makaya 2008 {published data only}
    1. Makaya M, Tsutsui H, Hamaguchi S, Kingugawa S, Yokota T, Goto D, et al. Beta‐blocker use at discharge in patients hospitalized for heart failure is associated with improved survival: an analysis from JCARE‐CARD. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(7 Suppl):S167. - PubMed
Mansfield 2006 {published data only}
    1. Mansfield W. Thesis: A feasibility study examining tele‐cardiology in New Hampshire: telemonitoring in patients with congestive heart failure. Dartmouth College 2006.
Marangelli 2007 {published data only}
    1. Marangelli V, Giorgio A, Sorgente L, Lepera ME, Di Summa, Perri AG, et al. 4522 High quality heart and lung ascultation using a web‐based mobile home‐telecare equipment for heart failure monitoring. European Heart Journal 2007;28(Suppl 1):788.
Maric 2010 {published data only}
    1. Maric B, Kaan A, Araki Y, Ignaszewski A, Lear S A. The Use of the Internet to Remotely Monitor Patients with Heart Failure. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2010;16:26‐33. - PubMed
Martensson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Mårtensson J, Strömberg A, Dahlström U, Karlsson JE, Fridlund B. Patients with heart failure in primary health care: effects of a nurse‐led intervention on health‐related quality of life and depression. European Journal of Heart Failure 2005;7(3):393‐403. - PubMed
Martín‐Lesende 2011 {published data only}
    1. Martín‐Lesende I, Orruño E, Cairo C, Bilbao A, Asua J, Romo MI, et al. Assessment of a primary care‐based telemonitoring intervention for home care patients with heart failure and chronic lung disease. The TELBIL study. BMC Health Services Research 2011;11:56. - PMC - PubMed
Martín‐Lesende 2013 {published data only}
    1. Martín‐Lesende I, Orruño E, Bilbao A, Vergara I, Cairo MC, Bayon JC, et al. Impact of telemonitoring home care patients with heart failure or chronic lung disease from primary care on healthcare resource use (the TELBIL study randomised controlled trial). BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:118. - PMC - PubMed
Masterson Creber 2014 {published data only}
    1. Masterson Creber RM, Patey M, Riegel B. Motivational interviewing tailored intervention to promote heart failure self‐care (MITI‐HF): primary study results. Circulation 2014;130:A19245.
Mau 2006 {published data only}
    1. Mau J, Kolk M, Pelon J, Frauenheim W, Johnson D, Culina J. Nurse‐directed home‐based heart failure management program decreases death/readmission rates and increases dietary and medication compliance. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;21(2):112.
McCauley 2006 {published data only}
    1. McCauley KM, Bixby MB, Naylor MD. Advanced practice nurse strategies to improve outcomes and reduce cost in elders with heart failure. Disease Management 2006;9(5):302‐10. - PubMed
McCoy 2007 {published data only}
    1. McCoy ML, Davidhizar R, Gillum DR. AcCorrelational pilot study of home health nurse management of heart failure patients and hospital readmissions. Home Health Care Management & Practice 2007;19(5):392‐6.
McDonald 2002 {published data only}
    1. McDonald K, Ledwidge M, Cahill J, Quigley P, Maurer B, Travers B, et al. Heart failure management: multidisciplinary care has intrinsic benefit above the optimizations of medical care. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2002;8(3):142‐8. - PubMed
McEntee 2010 {published data only}
    1. McEntee M L, Johnson B J, Dennison C R, Finkelstein J. Establishing feasibility of a telemanagement system to facilitate self care among African American heart failure patients... 2010 AAHFN 6th Annual Meeting, June 24‐26, 2010. Heart & Lung 2010;39:370‐1.
McKinstry 2014 {published data only}
    1. McKinstry Brian. Telemonitoring: the future for managing long‐term conditions?. International Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation 2014;21:407.
McManus 2004 {published data only}
    1. McManus SG. A telehealth program to reduce readmission rates among heart failure patients: one agency’s experience. Home Mealth Care Management & Practice 2004;16(4):250‐4.
Mendoza 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mendoza GG. In‐home wireless monitoring of physiological data for heart failure patients. Engineering in medicine and biology society. 24th Annual conference of the IEEE 2002;3:1849‐50.
Meriggi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Meriggi P, Rizzo F, Faini A, Chiarugi F, Karatzanis I, Zacharioudakis G, et al. A new simple multimodal platform for home monitoring of cardiac patients through textile technology. Computers in Cardiology. 2009:93‐6.
Metten 2011 {published data only}
    1. Metten L, Zueca F, Haver Y, Neukirch B, Rauchhaus M. 22 Effects of intensified care for heart failure patients by telemonitoring. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2011;10:S26.
Mistiaen 2006 {published data only}
    1. Mistiaen P, Poot E. Telephone follow‐up, initiated by a hospital‐based health professional, for post discharge problems in patients discharged from hospital to home. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004510.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mitchell 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mitchell M D, Norris A, Umscheid C A. Telemedicine for patients with congestive heart failure (Structured abstract). Health Technology Assessment Database. Center for Evidence‐based Practice (CEP), 2011.
Mitchell 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mitchell JS, McCormick J, Trumbo N, Horne K, Workman J, Lovgren M, et al. Using 30 day remote telemedicine to support heart failure patients following discharge. Heart & Lung 2014;43:382.
Moore 2013 {published data only}
    1. Moore C, Sanchez M, Mueller D, Reed M, Heithoff K. A program to assist transitions from hospital to home. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2013;1):S85.
Morales‐Ascencio 2008 {published data only}
    1. Morales‐Asencio JM, Gonzalo‐Jiménez E, Martin‐Santos FJ, Morilla‐Herrera JC M Celdráan‐Mañas M, Millán Carrasco A, et al. Effectiveness of a nurse‐led case management home care model in primary health care: a quasi‐experimental, controlled, multi‐centre study. BMC Health Services Research 2008;8:193. - PMC - PubMed
Morcillo 2005 {published data only}
    1. Morcillo C, Valderas JM, Aguado O, Delás J, Sort D, Pujadas R, et al. Evaluation of a home‐based intervention in heart failure patients: results of a randomized study [Evaluación de una intervención domiciliaria en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados de un estudio aleatorizado]. Revista Espaňola de Cardiologia 2005;58(6):618‐25. - PubMed
Morgan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Morgan JM, Dimitrov BD, Gill J, Kitt S, Andre NG, McComb JM, et al. Rationale and study design of the REM‐HF study: Remote management of heart failure using implanted devices and formalized follow‐up procedures. European Journal of Heart Failure 2014; Vol. 16, issue 9:1039‐45. - PubMed
Morguet 2006 {published data only}
    1. Morguet AJ. Impact of home‐based monitoring on the care of patients with congestive heart failure. Home Health Care Management and Practice 2006:107.
Morguet 2007a {published data only}
    1. Morguet AJ, Kuehnelt P, Kallel A, Jaster M, Schultheiss HP. 4521 Telemedical care and monitoring to reduce morbidity in patients with NYHA class II and III heart failure. European Heart Journal 2007;28(Suppl 1):788.
Morguet 2007b {published data only}
    1. Morguet AJ, Kuehnelt P, Kallel A, Jaster M, Schultheiss HP. 295 Staged tele‐medical service for patients with mild‐to‐moderate congestive heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplement 2007;6:63.
Morguet 2008 {published data only}
    1. Morguet AJ, Kühnelt P, Kallel A, Jaster M, Schultheiss HP. Impact of tele medical care and monitoring on morbidity in mild to moderate chronic heart failure. Cardiology 2008;111(2):134‐9. - PubMed
Mueller 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mueller TM, Vuckovic KM, Knox DA, Williams RE. Telemanagement of heart failure: a diuretic treatment algorithm for advanced practice nurses. Heart Lung 2002;31:340‐7. - PubMed
Muller 2013 {published data only}
    1. Muller A, Goette A, Perings C, Nägele H, Konorza T, Spitzer W, et al. Potential role of telemedical service centers in managing remote monitoring data transmitted daily by cardiac implantable electronic devices: results of the early detection of cardiovascular events in device patients with heart failure (detecT‐Pilot) study. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2013;19(6):460‐6. - PubMed
Murtaugh 2005 {published data only}
    1. Murtaugh CM, Pezzin LE, McDonald MV, Feldman PH, Peng TR. Just‐in‐time evidence‐based e‐mail ‘‘reminders’’ in home health care: impact on nurse practices. Health Services Research 2005;40(3):849‐64. - PMC - PubMed
Myers 2006 {published data only}
    1. Myers S, Grant RW, Lugn NE, Holbert B, Kvedar JC. Impact of home‐based monitoring on the care of patients with congestive heart failure. Home Health Care Managment & Practice 2006;18(6):444‐51.
Nanevicz 2000 {published data only}
    1. Nanevicz T, Zipkin D, Ennis S, Modin G. The feasibility of a telecommunications service in support of outpatients congestive heart failure in a diverse patient population. Congestive Heart Failure 2008;6:140‐5. - PubMed
Naylor 1999 {published data only}
    1. Naylor MD, McCauley KM. The effects of a discharge planning and home follow‐up intervention on elders hospitalized with common medical and surgical cardiac conditions. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 1999;14(1):44‐54. - PubMed
Naylor 2004 {published data only}
    1. Naylor MD, Brooten DA, Campbell RL, Maislin G, McCauley KM, Sanford Schwartz J. Transitional care of older adults hospitalized with heart failure: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004;52(5):675‐84. - PubMed
Nguyen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Nguyen V, Ducharme A, White M, Racine N, O'Meara E, Zhang B, et al. Lack of long‐term benefits of a 6‐month heart failure disease management program. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(4):287‐93. - PubMed
Nobel 2003 {published data only}
    1. Nobel JJ, Norman GK. Emerging information management technologies and the future of disease management. Disease Management 2003;6:219‐31. - PubMed
Noel 2004 {published data only}
    1. Noel HC, Vogel DC, Erdos JJ, Cornwall D, Levin F. Home telehealth reduces healthcare costs. Telemedicine Journal and e‐Health 2004;10(2):170‐83. - PubMed
Nohria 2007 {published data only}
    1. Nohria A, Warner Stevenson L, Bourge R, Israeli D, Kueffer F, Zile M. Frequency and impact of hypervolemic states during monitored heart failure management. Abstract #047. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(6 Suppl 2):S88.
Nucifora 2006 {published data only}
    1. Nucifora G, Albanese MC, Biaggio P, Caliandro D, Gregori D, Goss P, et al. Lack of improvement of clinical outcomes by a low‐cost, hospital‐based heart failure management programme. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 2006;7(8):614‐22. - PubMed
O'Reilly 1999 {published data only}
    1. O'Reilly M. Is Internet‐based disease management on the way?. Candian Medical Association Journal 1999;160:1039. - PMC - PubMed
Oddone 1999 {published data only}
    1. Oddone EZ, Weinberger M, Giobbie‐Hurder A, Landsman P Henderson W. Enhanced access to primary care for patients with congestive heart failure: Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Primary Care and Hospital Readmission. Efficient Clinical Practice 1999;2:201‐9. - PubMed
Odeh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Odeh B, Kayyali R, Nabhani S, Philip N, Wallace C, Wigmore B, et al. Impact of telehealth on patients' outcomes‐A patients' perceptions evaluation study. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2013;21:104‐5.
Oeff 2005a {published data only}
    1. Oeff M, Kotsch P, Gösswald A, Wolf U. Telemonitoring of patients with heart failure using extended vital sign recording [Überwachung multipler Herzkreislaufparameter mittels Telemonitoring bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz]. Herzschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie 2005;16(3):150‐8. - PubMed
Oeff 2005b {published data only}
    1. Oeff M, Kotsch P, Gösswald A, Wolf U. Telemonitoing of multiple parameters in chronic heart failure achieves impressive success in clinical management. European Heart Journal 2005;26:360.
Ojeda 2005 {published data only}
    1. Ojeda S, Anguita M, Delgado M, Atienza F, Rus C, Granados AL, et al. Short‐ and long‐term results of a programme for the prevention of readmissions and mortality in patients with heart failure: are effects maintained after stopping the programme?. European Journal of Heart Failure 2005;7(5):921‐6. - PubMed
Oliveira 2013 {published data only}
    1. Oliveira M, Fernandes M, Primo J, Reis H, Nicola P, Los investigadores do Estudo PORTLink. Remote versus face‐to‐face monitoring for implantable cardiac devices: Rationale and design of the PORTLink (PORTuguese research on telemonitoring with CareLink). [Portuguese, English] Monitorizacao a distancia versus seguimento convencional presencial em portadores de dispositivos cardiacos implantados: Racional e desenho do estudo PORTLink (PORTuguese research on telemonitoring with CareLink). Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia 2013;32(12):957‐64. - PubMed
Opasich 2005 {published data only}
    1. Opasich G. Educating and communicating: non‐pharmacologic treatment for patients with chronic heart failure? [Educare e comunicare: terapie non farmacologiche per il paziente con scompenso cardiaco cronico?]. Mondaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2002;58(1):S1‐S3. - PubMed
Page 2012 {published data only}
    1. Page RL, Kao DP, Macaulay D, Birnbaum HG, Jarvis J, Desai U, et al. Abstract 14767: Integrated Telehealth and Care Management Program Reduces All Cause Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries with Heart Failure. Circulation 2012;126:A14767.
Pandor 2013a {published data only}
    1. Pandor A, Thokala P, Gomersall T, Baalbaki H, Stevens J W, Wang J, et al. Home telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes after recent discharge in patients with heart failure: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment 2013;17:1‐+. - PMC - PubMed
Pascual 2011 {published data only}
    1. Pascual CR, Galan EP, Guerrero JL, Colino RM, Soler PA, Calvo MH, et al. Rationale and methods of the multicenter randomised trial of a heart failure management programme among geriatric patients (HF‐Geriatrics). BMC Public Health 2011;11:627. - PMC - PubMed
Pasqualini 2006 {published data only}
    1. Pasqualini MF, Monopoli DM, Mazzucco R, Negrelli M, Pozzetti D, Sandrini R, et al. P876 Home management of old patients with chronic heart diseases: role of tele‐cardiolography and tele consultancy. European Heart Journal 2006;27(Suppl 1):140.
Patja 2012 {published data only}
    1. Patja K, Absetz P, Auvinen A, Tokola K, Kytö J, Oksman E, et al. Health coaching by telephony to support self‐care in chronic diseases: clinical outcomes from The TERVA randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12:147. - PMC - PubMed
Peikes 2009 {published data only}
    1. Peikes D, Chen A, Schore J, Brown R. Effects of care coordination on hospitalization, quality of care, and health care expenditures among Medicare beneficiaries: 15 randomized trials. Journal of the American Medical Association 2009;301:603‐18. - PubMed
Philbin 2000 {published data only}
    1. Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, Ulrich K, McCall M, Jenkins PL. The results of a randomized trial of a quality improvement intervention in the care of patients with heart failure. American Journal of Medicine 2000;109:443‐9. - PubMed
Phillips 2008 {published data only}
    1. Phillips JL, Davidson PM, Newton PJ, DiGiacomo M. Supporting patients and their caregivers after‐hours at the end of life: the role of telephone support. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2008;36(1):11‐21. - PubMed
Picard 2008 {published data only}
    1. Picard F, Bordachar P, Dos Santos P. Remote monitoring of heart failure [Suivi a distance des patients en insuffisance cardiaque]. Medecine Therapeutique ‐ Cardio 2008;4(2):104‐11.
Piepoli 2006 {published data only}
    1. Piepoli MF, Villani GQ, Aschieri D, Bennati S, Groppi F, Pisati MS, et al. Multidisciplinary and multi‐setting team management programme in heart failure patients affects hospitalisation and costing. International Journal of Cardiology 2006;111:377‐85. - PubMed
Pinto 2014 {published data only}
    1. Pinto JM, Coppola JF, Stanford M, Gaur C, Gaur D. Educational effects of telehealth implementation on older adults with socio‐economic disparities. Systems, Applications and Technology Conference. 2014:1‐6.
Piorkowski 2006 {published data only}
    1. Piorkowski C. Abstract 3513: Homemonitoring in MADIT II patients: a prospective randomised multi‐centre comparison against a standard follow‐up (REFORM Trial). Circulation 2006;114:II_749.
Piotrowicz 2012 {published data only}
    1. Piotrowicz E, Jasionowska A, Banaszak‐Bednarczyk M, Gwilkowska J, Piotrowicz R. ECG telemonitoring during home‐based cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure patients. Journal of Telemedicine & Telecare 2012;18:193‐7. - PubMed
Pugh 2001 {published data only}
    1. Pugh L, Havens D, Xie S, Robinson J, Blaha C. Case management for elderly persons with heart failure:the quality of life and cost outcome. MEDSURG Nursing 2001;10:71‐8.
Purcell 2014 {published data only}
    1. Purcell R, McInnes S, Halcomb E J. Telemonitoring can assist in managing cardiovascular disease in primary care: a systematic review of systematic reviews. BMC family practice 2014;15:43. - PMC - PubMed
Quinn 2006 {published data only}
    1. Quinn C. Low‐technology heart failure care in home health: improving patient outcomes. Home Healthcare Nurse 2006;24:533‐40. - PubMed
Quinn 2008 {published data only}
    1. Quinn JR, Tucker R, Chen L, Horwitz C, Ferguson G. 321 Heart failure patients' use of computer technology for self‐care management. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(6 Suppl Aug):S98.
Rabelo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Aliti GB, Rabelo ER, Domingues FB, Clausell N. Educational settings in the management of patients with heart failure. Revista Latino‐Americana de Enfermagem 2007;15:344‐9. - PubMed
Raborn 2012 {published data only}
    1. Raborn N. Preventing avoidable heart failure readmissions: the University Hospital experience. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management 2012;19:460‐4.
Rahimpour 2008 {published data only}
    1. Rahimpour M, Lovell NH, Celler BG, McCormick J. Patients' perceptions of a home telecare system. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2008;77:486‐98. - PubMed
Ramaekers 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ramaekers BL, Janssen‐Boyne JJ, Gorgels AP, Vrijhoef HJ. Adherence among telemonitored patients with heart failure to pharmacological and nonpharmacological recommendations. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2009;15(6):517‐24. - PubMed
Raman 2008 {published data only}
    1. Raman G, DeVine D, Lau J. Non‐pharmacological interventions for post‐discharge care in heart failure (Structured abstract). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008:1.
Reble 2006 {published data only}
    1. Reble C, Jensen M, Schneider K, Koots S, Crisman T. Impact of heart failure tele‐management program on patient outcomes. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;21(2):113.
Repoley 2006 {published data only}
    1. Repoley JL, Dukes‐Graves D, Gohn DC. Monitoring intrathoracic impedence intensifies heart failure management. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;Spring:109.
Rich 2002 {published data only}
    1. Rich MW. Management of heart failure in the elderly. Heart Failure Reviews 2002;7:89‐97. - PubMed
Ross 2004 {published data only}
    1. Ross SE, Moore LA, Earnest MA, Wittevrongel L, Lin CT. Providing a web‐based online medical record with electronic communication capabilities to patients with congestive heart failure: randomised trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2004;6(2):e12. - PMC - PubMed
Roth 2005 {published data only}
    1. Roth A, Gadot R, Kalter E. Tele‐cardiology for patients with chronic heart failure: The 'SHL' experience in Israel and Germany. Studies in Health Technology Information 2005;114:235‐7. - PubMed
Roth 2006 {published data only}
    1. Roth A, Rogowski O, Yanay Y, Kehati M, Malov N, Golovner M. Teleconsultation for cardiac patients: a comparison between nurses and physicians: the SHL experience in Israel. Telemedicine and e‐Health 2006;5:528‐35. - PubMed
Rozenman 2007 {published data only}
    1. Rozenman Y. Abstract 3278: Noninvasive home monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure by RemonCHF device. First multi‐centre experience. Circulation 2007;116:II_738.
Saxon 2007 {published data only}
    1. Saxon LA, Boehmer JP, Neuman S, Mullin CM. Remote active monitoring in patients with heart failure (RAPID‐RF): design and rationale. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(4):241‐6. - PubMed
Scalvini 2004 {published data only}
    1. Scalvini S, Zanelli E, Volterrani M, Martinelli G, Baratti D, Buscaya O, et al. A pilot study of nurse‐led home‐based tele‐cardiology for patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2004;10(2):113‐7. - PubMed
Scalvini 2005a {published data only}
    1. Scalvini S, Capomolla S, Zanelli E, Benigno M, Domenighini D, Paletta L, et al. Effect of home‐based tele‐cardiology on chronic heart failure: costs and outcomes. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2005;11(Suppl 1):16‐8. - PubMed
Scalvini 2005b {published data only}
    1. Scalvini S, Martinelli G, Baratti D, Domenighini D, Paletta L, Zanelli E, Giordano A. Telecardiology: one‐lead electrocardiogram monitoring and nurse triage in chronic heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2005;11(Suppl 1):18‐20. - PubMed
Scalvini 2006 {published data only}
    1. Scalvini S, Zanelli E, Paletta L, Benigno M, Domeneghini D, Giuli F, et al. Chronic heart Failure home‐based management with a tele‐cardiology system: a comparison between patients followed by general practitioners and by a cardiology department. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2006;12(Suppl 1):46‐48. - PubMed
Scherr 2006 {published data only}
    1. Scherr D, Zweiker R, Kollman A, Kastener P, Schreir G, Fruhwald FM. Mobile phone‐based surveillance of cardiac patients at home. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2006;12(5):255‐61. - PubMed
Schmidt 2008 {published data only}
    1. Schmidt S, Sheikzadeh S, Beil B, Patten M, Stettin J. Acceptance of telemonitoring to enhance medication compliance in patients with chronic heart failure. Telemedicine and e‐Health 2008;14(5):426‐33. - PubMed
Schneider 2004 {published data only}
    1. Schneider NM. Managing congestive heart failure using home health. Home Healthcare Nurse 2004;22:719‐22. - PubMed
Schofield 2005 {published data only}
    1. Schofield R, Kline SE, Schmalfuss CM, Carver HM, Arnada JM Jr, Pauly DF, et al. Early outcomes of a care coordination‐enhanced telephone care program for elderly veterans with chronic heart failure. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2005;11:20‐7. - PubMed
Schofield 2008 {published data only}
    1. Schofield R, Scott L, Hassan M, Kline S, Marshall E, Schmalfuss C, et al. Telehealth management of heart failure improves cardiac remodeling. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(6 Suppl August):S114‐S115.
Schwamm 2014 {published data only}
    1. Schwamm L H. Telehealth: Seven Strategies To Successfully Implement Disruptive Technology And Transform Health Care. Health Affairs 2014;33:200‐6. - PubMed
Schwarz 2008 {published data only}
    1. Schwarz KA, Mion LC, Hudock D, Litman G. Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2008;23(1):18‐26. - PubMed
Scott 2004 {published data only}
    1. Scott LD, Setter‐Kline K, Britton AS. The effects of nursing interventions to enhance mental health and quality of life among individuals with heart failure. Applied Nursing Research 2004;17(4):248‐56. - PubMed
Seibert 2008a {published data only}
    1. Seibert PS, Whitmore TA, Patterson C, Parker PD, Otto C, Basom J, et al. Telemedicine facilitates CHF home health care for those with systolic dysfunction. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2008;2008:Article ID 235031, 7 pages. [DOI: 10.1155/2008/235031] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sen AP, Sewell TB, Riley EB, Stearman B, Bellamy SL, Hu MF, et al. Financial Incentives for Home‐Based Health Monitoring: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014;29(5):770‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Serxner 1998 {published data only}
    1. Serxner S, Miyaji M, Jeffords J. Congestive heart failure disease management study: a patient education intervention. Congestive Heart Failure 1998;4(3):23‐8.
Shah 2007 {published data only}
    1. Shah MR, Connor CM, Nohria A, Whellan DJ, Xue Z, Hasselblad V, et al. 338 Telephone heart failure disease management: getting something for nothing. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(6, Suppl 2):S172.
Shah 2008 {published data only}
    1. Shah MR, Whellen DJ, Peterson ED, Nohria A, Hasselblad V, Xue Z, et al. Delivering heart failure disease management in 3 tertiary care centres: key clinical components and venues of care. American Heart Journal 2008;155(4):764.e1‐5. - PubMed
Shearer 2007 {published data only}
    1. Shearer NB, Cisar N, Greenberg EA. A telephone‐delivered empowerment intervention with patients diagnosed with heart failure. Heart and Lung 2007;36(3):159‐69. - PubMed
Simpson 2006 {published data only}
    1. Simpson L, Idelchik G, Delgado R, Gregoric I, Loyalka P, Kar B. Abstract 2365: Overall experience with the tandem heart at the Texas Heart Institute. Circulation 2006;114:II_485.
Slater 2006 {published data only}
    1. Slater SG, Neander L, Carey G. Measuring quality of life outcomes through the use of home telehealth: using a case study model in a terminal heart failure patient. Home Health Care Management & Practice 2006;18(4):333‐5.
Slater 2008 {published data only}
    1. Slater MR, Phillips DM, Woodard EK. Cost‐effective care a phone call away: a nurse managed telephonic program for patients with chronic heart failure. Nursing Economics 2008;26(1):41‐4. - PubMed
Smart 2005 {published data only}
    1. Smart N, Haluska B, Jeffriess L, Marwick TH. Predictors of a sustained response to exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: a telemonitoring study. American Heart Journal 2005;150:1240‐7. - PubMed
Smeulders 2006 {published data only}
    1. Smeulders ESTF, Haastregt JCM, Hoef EFM, Eijk JTM, Kempen GIJM. Evaluation of a self‐management programme for congestive heart failure patients: design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research 2006;6:91. - PMC - PubMed
Smolis‐Bak 2012 {published data only}
    1. Smolis‐Bak E, Dabrowski R, Chwyczko T, Piotrowicz E, Kowalik I, Kazimierska B. Hospital training and its continuation at home with central telemonitoring significantly improves exercise capacity and echocardiographic parameters in heart failure patients after CRT implantation. Circulation 2012;125(19):e18.
Sonntag 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sonntag SM, Sohn H, Klauss V, Ziegler M, H Moehlmann, Seifel M, et al. The disease management/telemonitoring programme CORDIVA for patients with heart failure reduces hospitalizations and costs in both rural and urban areas. European Heart Journal 2009.
Sousa 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sousa C, Leite S, Lagido R, Ferreira L, Silva‐Cardoso J, Maciel M J. Telemonitoring in heart failure: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia 2014;33:229‐39. - PubMed
Spaeder 2006 {published data only}
    1. Spaeder J, Najjar SS, Gerstenblith G, Hefter G, Kern L, Palmer JG, et al. Rapid titration of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure: a randomised trial of automated telemedicine versus frequent outpatient clinic visits. American Heart Journal 2006;151(4):844 e1‐10. - PubMed
Sprenger 2007 {published data only}
    1. Sprenger C, Kotsch P, Oeff M. 450 Telemonitoring in patients with chronic heart failure ‐ usage of telemonitoring for the outpatient care. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements 2007;6(Suppl):95‐6.
Stampehl 2012 {published data only}
    1. Stampehl MR, Call CF, Pope SM, Hartwig M, Jennison S. Rural heart failure management by telemedicine: lessons learned. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2012;18:S98.
Steckler 2008 {published data only}
    1. Steckler AE, Wassif H, Wagner J, Jaenicke C, Rector T, Anand IS. 1033‐154: Long distance titration of heart failure medications by telephone calls. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008;51:A268.
Steventon 2013 {published data only}
    1. Steventon A, Tunkel S, Blunt I, Bardsley M. Effect of telephone health coaching (Birmingham OwnHealth) on hospital use and associated costs: cohort study with matched controls. BMJ 2013;347:f4585. - PMC - PubMed
Stoerk 2013 {published data only}
    1. Stoerk S, Gietzen F, Kerber S, Gebhard B, Holzendorf V, Brenner S, et al. Effectiveness of HeartNetCare‐HF, a heart failure disease management program, in the real‐world setting. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S147.
Stone 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stone PW. Nurse‐led heart failure management improved quality of life and was cost‐effective.. Evidence Based Nursing 2009;2012(2):59. - PubMed
Stone 2012 {published data only}
    1. Stone S. Evaluation of a nurse‐led telephone intervention with symptomatic heart failure patients. West Virginia University 2012; Vol. D.N.P.:82 p.
Stork 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stork S, Faller H, Schowalter M, Ertl G, Angermann C E. Evidence‐based disease management in patients with heart failure (HeartNetCare‐HF Wurzburg). [German] Evidenz‐basiertes Krankheitsmanagement bei Herzinsuffizienz (HeartNetCare‐HF Wurzburg). Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2009;134:773‐6. - PubMed
Stromberg 2003 {published data only}
    1. Strömberg A, Mårtensson J, Fridlund B, Leving LA, Karlssond JE, Dahlström U. Nurse‐led heart failure clinics improve survival and self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure: results from a prospective, randomised trial. European Heart Journal 2003;24(11):1014‐23. - PubMed
Stromberg 2006 {published data only}
    1. Strömberg A, Dahlström U, Fridlund B. Computer‐based education for patients with chronic heart failure. A randomised, controlled, multicentre trial of the effects on knowledge, compliance and quality of life. Patient Education and Counseling 2006;64:128‐35. - PubMed
Stut 2011 {published data only}
    1. Stut W, Deighan C, Armitage W, Clark M, Jaarsma T. 18 A tailored on‐line education and coaching programme to increase compliance of heart failure patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2011;10:S21.
Sullivan 2006 {published data only}
    1. Sullivan A, Cleary R, Hales S, Pryde I, Baker V, Davidson P, et al. 442: Interventions by heart failure nurse specialists: potential for reducing hospital admissions. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2006;12(6 Suppl August):S133.
Takagawa 2013 {published data only}
    1. Takagawa J, Asanoi H. Telemonitoring for chronic heart failure using fully‐automated and real‐time biosignal processing system. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2013;19:S125.
Takahashi 2010 {published data only}
    1. Takahashi PY, Hanson GJ, Pecina JL, Stroebel RJ, Chaudhry R, Shah ND, et al. A randomized controlled trial of telemonitoring in older adults with multiple chronic conditions: the Tele‐ERA study. BMC Health Services Research 2010;10:7. - PMC - PubMed
Takahashi 2012 {published data only}
    1. Takahashi PY, Pecina JL, Upatising B, Chaudhry R, Shah ND, Houten H, et al. A randomized controlled trial of telemonitoring in older adults with multiple health issues to prevent hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Archives of Internal Medicine 2012;172(10):773‐9. - PMC - PubMed
TEHAF Study {published data only}
    1. Boyne J, Asselt ADI, Gorgels APM, Steuten LMG, Kragten J, Weerd GD, et al. Cost‐effectiveness analysis of telemonitoring versus usual care in patients with heart failure (the TEHAF‐study). European Heart Journal Suppl 1 2013;34:626. - PubMed
    1. Boyne J, Vrijhoef H, Crijns H, Nieman F, Deweerd G, Kragten J, et al. Tailored Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: results from a multicentre randomized controlled trial (the TEHAF‐study). International Journal of Integrated Care 2012;12:1. - PubMed
    1. Boyne J, Vrijhoef HJ, Nieman FH, Wit R, Kragten J, Weerd GJ, et al. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: Results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial (the TEHAFstudy). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2011;1:E389.
    1. Boyne J, Vrijhoef HJM, Spreeuwenberg M, Kragten J, Deweerd G, Gorgels APM. The effects of telemonitoring on heart failure patients' knowledge, self‐care, self‐efficacy and adherence: A randomized controlled trial. European Heart Journal 2012;33:166. - PubMed
    1. Boyne J, Vrijhoef HJM, Wit R, Kragten J, Platteel P, Heerlen AMC, et al. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: a feasibility study (TEHAF). European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2008;7(Suppl 1):S20‐1.
Terschuren 2007 {published data only}
    1. Terschüren C, Fendrich K, Berg N, Hoffmann W. Implementing telemonitoring in the daily routine of a GP practice in a rural setting in northern Germany. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2007;13:197‐201. - PubMed
Thokala 2013a {published data only}
    1. Thokala P, Baalbaki H, Brennan A. Telemonitoring after discharge from hospital with heart failure ‐ Cost‐effectiveness modelling of alternative service designs. Value in Health 2013;16 (7):A530. - PMC - PubMed
Thokala 2013b {published data only}
    1. Thokala P, Brennan A, Baalbaki H. Cost‐effectiveness modelling of telemonitoring after discharge from hospital with heart failure. Value in Health 2013;16 (3):A290. - PMC - PubMed
Thompson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Thompson DR, Roebuck A, Stewart S. Effects of a nurse‐led, clinic and home‐based intervention on recurrent hospital use in chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2005;7(3):377‐84. - PubMed
Thompson 2008 {published data only}
    1. Thompson DR. Telehome monitoring reduced readmissions and improved quality of life in heart failure or angina. Evidenced Based Nursing 2008;11(3):86. - PubMed
Tompkins 2010 {published data only}
    1. Tompkins C, Orwat J. A randomized trial of telemonitoring heart failure patients. Journal of Healthcare Management 2010;55(5):312‐22; Discussion 322‐3. - PubMed
Tramarin 2005 {published data only}
    1. Tramarin R. La telecardiology come strumento di integrazione tra ospedale e territorio. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2005;64:1134‐50.
Tran 2008 {published data only}
    1. Tran K, Polisena J, Coyle D, Coyle K, Kluge E H, Cimon K, et al. Home telehealth for chronic disease management (Structured abstract). Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. Title to be Checked, 2008:1.
Trudel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Trudel M, Cafazzo JA, Hamill M, Igharas W, Tallevi K, Picton P, et al. A mobile phone based remote patient monitoring system for chronic disease management. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2007;129(Part 1):167‐71. - PubMed
Tsuji 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tsuji M, Akematsu Y. Long‐term effect of telecare on patients with chronic diseases. Computing in Cardiology Conference. 2013:261‐4.
Umeda 2014 {published data only}
    1. Umeda A, Inoue T, Takahashi T, Wakamatsu H. Telemonitoring of patients with implantable cardiac devices to manage heart failure: an evaluation of tablet‐PC‐based nursing intervention program. Open Journal of Nursing 2014;4:237‐50.
Vaccaro 2001 {published data only}
    1. Vaccaro J, Cherry J, Harper A, O'Connell M. Utilzation reduction, cost savings and return on investment for the pacificare chronic heart failure program 'taking charge of your heart health'. Disease Management 2001;4:131‐42.
Valle 2004 {published data only}
    1. Valle R, Carbonieri E, Tenderini P, Zanella C, Cian F, Ginocchio G, et al. Proposed protocol for the ambulatory management of patients discharged with heart failure diagnosis: collaborative project Venice‐HF. Italian Heart Journal Supplement 2004;5(4):282‐91. - PubMed
Vallina 2008 {published data only}
    1. Vallina H, Effken JA. Identifying moderators of telemonitoring outcomes in heart failure patients. Communicating Nursing Research 2008;41:326.
Vallina 2010 {published data only}
    1. Vallina H, Effken J. Telemonitoring and heart failure outcomes. Communicating Nursing Research 2010;43:433.
van den Bussche 2004 {published data only}
    1. Bussche H, Steinberg B, Brandis S, Sperber S, Zimmermann T. Effectiveness of an outpatient disease management programme for chronic heart insufficiency patients [Nutzen eines ambulanten Disease‐Management‐Programms für Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz]. Gesundheitswesen 2004;66(10):656‐60. - PubMed
Varon 2014 {published data only}
    1. Varon C, Alao M, Minter J, Stapleton M, Thomson S, Jaecques S, et al. Effect of telehealth on self‐care behavior of heart failure patients. Proc. of the 41st Annual Computing in Cardiology. 2014:1‐4.
Vasoncelos 2013 {published data only}
    1. Vasoncelos G, Carmargo MEJ, Oliveira LR. Prevention of heart failure with telemedicine. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013:S257.
VA Technology Assessment {published data only}
    1. Physiologic telemonitoring in CHF. VA Technology Assessment Program. Short Report 2001, issue 5:1‐11.
Villalba 2006a {published data only}
    1. Villalba E, Ottaviano M, Arredondo MT, Martinez A, Guillen S. Wearable monitoring system for heart failure assessment in a mobile environment. Computers in Cardiology 2006;33:237‐40.
Villalba 2006b {published data only}
    1. Villalba E, Ottaviano M, Arredondo MT, Martinez A, Guille S. A new solution for a heart failure monitoring system based on wearable and information technologies. International workshop on wearable and implantable body sensor networks 2006, issue 3‐5 April:4.
Vrijhoef 2007 {published data only}
    1. Vrijhoef HJM, Janssen‐Boyne, Engering G, Kragten JA, Weerd GJ, Frederix M, et al. 741 The Health Buddy: telemonitoring system for patients with heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplement 2006, issue 5 Suppl:174.
Waldman 2008 {published data only}
    1. Waldmann A, Katalinic A, Schwabb B, Richardt G, Sheikhzadeh A, Raspe H. The TeleGuard trial of additional telemedicine care in CAD patients: 2 morbidity and mortality after 12 months. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2008;14(1):22‐6. - PubMed
Walsh 2005 {published data only}
    1. Walsh M, Coleman JR. Trials and tribulations: a small pilot telehealth home care program for Medicare patients. Geriatric Nursing 2005;26(6):343‐6. - PubMed
Wang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wang H, Xiao C, Li Junwei, Wang J. The Research of Transtelephonic Electrocardiogram Monitoring Between. Circulation 2010;122(2):e120.
Wang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Wang HY, Wang JY, Yang L, Xiao CS. Ambulatory monitoring of four physiology parameters to the chronic patients in community by long range wireless transmission technology. Circulation 2012;125(19):e896.
Waywell 2007 {published data only}
    1. Waywell C, Coppinger T. An audit of telephone call nurse‐led intervention for chronic heart failure patients in a heart failure clinic. Abstract #1388. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2007;6(Suppl 1):s49.
Weintraub 2005 {published data only}
    1. Weintraub AR, Kimmelstiel C, Levine D, Venesy D, Levin A, Lorell B, et al. A multicenter randomised controlled comparison of telephonic disease management vs. automated home monitoring in patients recently hospitalised with heart failure: Span‐CHF II Trial. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2005;11(9):647‐744.
West 2013 {published data only}
    1. West P. Enhancing patient care across borders. Health Management Technology 2013;34:13. - PubMed
West‐Frasier 2008 {published and unpublished data}
    1. West‐Frasier J. The impact of telemonitoring on self‐efficacy, emotional well‐being, and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure (PhD Thesis). Western Michigan University 2008.
Westlake 2007 {published data only}
    1. Westlake C, Evangelista LS, Strömberg A, Ter‐Galstanyan A, Vazirani S, Dracup K. Evaluation of a web‐based education and counseling pilot program for older heart failure patients. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2007;22(1):20‐6. - PubMed
Wheeler 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wheeler EC, Waterhouse JK. Telephone interventions by nursing students: improving outcomes for heart failure patients in the community. Journal of Community Health Nursing 2006;23(3):137‐46. - PubMed
Whitten 2007 {published data only}
    1. Whitten P, Mickus M. Home telecare for COPD/CHF patients: outcomes and perceptions. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2007;13:69‐73. - PubMed
Wierzchowiecki 2006a {published data only}
    1. Wierzchowiecki M, Poprawski K, Nowicka A, Kandziora M, Piatkowska A, Jankowiak M, et al. A new programme of multidisciplinary care for patients with heart failure in Poznan: One‐year follow‐up. Kardiologia Polska 2006;64(10):1063‐70. - PubMed
Wierzchowiecki 2006b {published data only}
    1. Wierzchowiecki M, Poprawski K, Nowicka A, Kandziora M, Piatkowska A, Janlowiak M, et al. New multidisciplinary heart failure care program (six‐month preliminary observation) [Nowy wielodyscyplinarny program opieki nad chorymi z niewydolnoscia serca (szsciomiesieczna obserwacja wstepna)]. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 2006;126:511‐5. - PubMed
Willyard 2006 {published data only}
    1. Willyard DA. The use of automated tele‐management system for depression screening in a chronic illness care management program. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;Spring:116.
Wong 2005 {published data only}
    1. Wong KW, Wong FKY, Chan MF. Effects of nurse‐initiated telephone follow‐up on self‐efficacy among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2005;49(2):210‐2. - PubMed
Wongpiriyayothar 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wongpiriyayothar A, Pothiban L, Liehr P, Senaratana W, Sucumvang K. Effects of home‐based care program on symptom alleviation and well‐being among persons with chronic heart failure. Thai Journal of Nursing Research 2008;12(1):25‐39.
Woodside 2011 {published data only}
    1. Woodside PA, Schofield LC, Holman C. 3. Use of telehealth to reduce heart failure readmissions in a rural community. Heart & Lung 2011;40:371‐2.
Wright 2003 {published data only}
    1. Wright SP, Walsh H, Ingley KM, Muncaster SA, Gamble GD, Pearl A, et al. Uptake of self‐management strategies in a heart failure management programme. European Journal of Heart Failure 2003;5(3):371‐80. - PubMed
Wu 2006 {published data only}
    1. Delgado D, Costigan J, Wu R, Ross HJ. An interactive site for the management of patients with congestive heart failure. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2003;19(12):1381‐5. - PubMed
    1. Wu R, Delgado D, Costigan J, MacIver J. Pilot study of an internet patient‐physician communication tool for heart failure disease management. World Hospital Health Services 2006;42(3):32‐8. - PubMed
    1. Wu RC, Delgado D, Costigan J, MscIver J, Ross H. Pilot study of an internet based patient‐physician communication tool for heart failure disease management. Journal of Medical and Internet Research 2005;7(1):e8. - PMC - PubMed
Xiao 2010 {published data only}
    1. Xiao C, Wang H, Wang J. The benefit of establishing transtelephonic electrocardiogram monitoring between urban and rural patients. Circulation 2010;122(2):e120.
Zaphiriou 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zaphiriou A, Mulligan K, Hagrave P, Patterson D, Cowie M, Newman S, et al. 303 Improved outcomes following hospitalisation in patients with a new diagnosis of heart failure: results from a randomised controlled trial of a novel, nurse‐led self‐management intervention. Heart 2006;92:A119.
Zentner 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zentner D, Joshi S, Price P, Ryan M, Kurzel A, Treacher B, Grigg L. 35 Multidisciplinary Community Care for Congestive Cardiac Failure Decreases Hospital Admissions in an Elderly Patient Population. Heart, Lung and Circulation 2007;16:S15.
Zugck 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zugck C, Frankenstein L, Nelles M, Remppis A, Baden D, Waehner M, et al. P2298 Prove of concept ‐ clinical and economical effectiveness of telemonitoring in chronic heart failure (CHF). European Heart Journal 2006;27(Suppl 1):379.

References to studies awaiting assessment

Dunlap 2006 (HearT‐I) {published data only}
    1. Dunlap ME. HSR&D Study CHI 99‐074: Randomized trial of a telephone intervention in heart failure patients. www.hsrd.research.va.gov/research/abstracts.cfm?Project_ID=4115075 2006.
Kulshreshtha 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kulshreshtha A, Kvedar J C, Goyal A, Halpern E F, Watson A J. Use of remote monitoring to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure: a pilot trial. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2010;2010:870959. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kulshreshtha A, Nieves R, Kvedar J, Watson A. Using information technology to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure: the value of remote monitoring. Circulation 2008;117(21):e414.
    1. Kulshreshtha A, Nieves R, Kvedar JC, Watson AJ. Remote monitoring program may improve outcomes for heart failure patients (Abstract #4356). Circulation 2008;118:S_872.
Levine 2006 (Mind My Heart) {published data only}
    1. Levine BA, McAlinden E, Hu TM‐J, Fang FM, Alaoui A, Angelus P, et al. Home monitoring of congestive heart failure patients. Distributed Diagnosis and Home Healthcare, 2006. 2006:33‐6.
Suh 2010 {published data only}
    1. Suh M, Evangelista LS, Chen V, Hong WS, Macbeth J, Nahapetian A, et al. WANDA B: Weight and activity with blood Pressure monitoring system for heart failure patients. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 2010;Jun 14:1‐6.
Wade 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wade MJ, Desai AS, Spettell CM, Snyder AD, McGowan‐Stackewicz V, Kummer PJ, et al. Telemonitoring with case management for seniors with heart failure. American Journal of Managed Care 2011;17(3):e71‐9. - PubMed
Wongpiriyayothar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wongpiriyayothar A, Piamjariyakul U, Williams P D. Outcomes of a telephone intervention in heart failure. Clinical and Translational Science 2010;3 (2):S28.
    1. Wongpiriyayothar A, Piamjariyakul U, Williams PD. Effects of patient teaching, educational materials, and coaching using telephone on dyspnea and physical functioning among persons with heart failure. Applied Nursing Research 2011;24(4):e59‐66. - PubMed
Wootton 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wootton R, Gramotnev H, Hailey D. A randomized controlled trial of telephone‐supported care coordination in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2009;15(4):182‐6. - PubMed
    1. Wootton R, Gramotnev H, Hailey D. Telephone‐supported care coordination in an Australian veterans population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2010;16(2):57‐62. - PubMed
Yakushin 2006 {published data only}
    1. Yakushin SS, Nikulina NN. 593 Two‐year prognosis in chronic heart failure patients undergone therapeutic education and out‐patient observation. European Journal of Heart Failure 2006;5(Supplement):136.

References to ongoing studies

Andrei 2011 {published data only}
    1. Andrei CL, Sinescu CJ, Ianula RM, Popa AI, Chioncel VP, Mischie AN, et al. Can be the home care of the heart failure patients a better economic alternative?. European Journal of Heart Failure 2011;10(Suppl):S29.
Black 2014 {published data only}
    1. Black JT, Romano PS, Sadeghi B, Auerbach AD, Ganiats TG, Greenfield S, et al. BEAT‐HF Research Group. A remote monitoring and telephone nurse coaching intervention to reduce readmissions among patients with heart failure: study protocol for the Better Effectiveness After Transition ‐ Heart Failure (BEAT‐HF) randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:124. - PMC - PubMed
Boxer 2010 {published data only}
    1. Boxer R S, Burant C J, DiCarlo C M, Struk C, Madigan E, Pina I L. Home telemonitoring improves health status in the post‐hospitalization period for patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2010;1:S91.
Cavusoglu 2013 Hit‐Point {published data only}
    1. Çavuşoğlu Y, Zoghi M, Eren M, Bozçalı E, Kozdağ G, Şentürk T. Does Cardiologist Lead Enhanced Heart Failure Education and Follow‐up Program Affect Cardiovascular Mortality Rate?: Hit‐Point. Circulation 2013;128:Abstract 17804.
    1. Çavuşoğlu Y, Zoghi M, Eren M, Bozçalı E, Kozdağ G, Şentürk T. Post‐discharge heart failure monitorization program in turkey: Hit‐point. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013;62:C74.
De Vries 2011 IN TOUCH {published data only}
    1. Vries AE, Jong RM, Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Dijk RB, Hillege HL. The value of INnovative ICT guided disease management combined with Telemonitoring in OUtpatient clinics for Chronic Heart failure patients. Design and methodology of the IN TOUCH study: a multicenter randomised trial. BMC Health Services Research 2011;11:167. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kraai IH, Otten RM, Vries AE, Jong RM, Dijk RB, Veldhuisen DJ, et al. 56 Poster: Moderated Innovative ICT guided disease management and Telemonitoring in OUt patient clinics for Chronic Heart failure patients (In Touch study design): a disease management study with patient oriented outcomes. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2010;9:S9.
Dwinger 2013a {published data only}
    1. Dwinger S, Dirmaier J, Herbarth L, König HH, Eckardt M, Kriston L, et al. Telephone‐based health coaching for chronically ill patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; Vol. 14:337. - PMC - PubMed
Enjuanes 2013b {published data only}
    1. Enjuanes Grau C, Comin Colet J, Verdu Rotellar JM, Gonzalez Robledo G, Linas Alonso A, Ruiz Rodriguez P, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and costs impact of a telemonitoring and teleintervention trough videoconference program for patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. European Heart Journal 2013; Vol. 34.
Gupta 2013 {published data only}
    1. Gupta J, Fletcher T, Larcombe T, Gupta T. Telemonitoring as bridge to discharge in advanced heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S296.
Janssen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Janssen DJ, Becker R, Zucca F, Wendisch T, Pethig K. Long term‐cost effectiveness analysis of a telemedicine programme for patients with chronic heart failure. spo.escardio.org/eslides/view.aspx?eevtid=40&fp=P1441 2010 (accessed 15th October 2015).
Kalowes 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kalowes P, Peters C, Catipon K, Hawkins D, Long P, Tin E, et al. Effect of telephone intervention on heart failure self care: randomized clinical trial. Communicating Nursing Research 2012;45:522.
Karanam 2012 {published data only}
    1. Karanam C, Dayanand S, Dang S, Cobian S, Gomez‐Marin O, Mallon S, et al. Outcomes from a mobile‐phone study for heart failure in an ethnically diverse County Hospital. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2012;60:S221.
Kessing 2011 Telemed‐HF {published data only}
    1. Kessing D, Denollet J, Widdershoven J, Kupper N. Investigating a TELEmedicine solution to improve MEDication adherence in chronic Heart Failure (TELEMED‐HF): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011;12:227. - PMC - PubMed
Kotooka 2013 Homes‐HF {published data only}
    1. Kotooka N, Asaka M, Nagatomo D, Node K. Home telemonitoring for Japanese patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2013;19:S125.
    1. Kotooka N, Asaka M, Sato Y, Kinugasa Y, Nochioka K, Mizuno A, et al. Home telemonitoring study for Japanese patients with heart failure (HOMES‐HF): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2013; Vol. 3. - PMC - PubMed
Lambrinou 2013 MEETTinCy {published data only}
    1. Lambrinou E, Kalogirou F, Protopapas A, Papathanassoglou E, Barberis V, Sourtzi P, et al. Management of patients with heart failure using education or education & yelephone or telephone in Cyprus (MEETTinCy) trial. Preliminary results. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S220.
Mareev 2010 CHANCE‐AND {published data only}
    1. Mareev V, Daniely MD, Yu B, CHANCE‐AND investigators. Congestive Heart failure: A multidisciplinary Non‐pharmacological approach for Changing in rE‐hospitalisation and prognosis in patients with concomitant Anxiety aNd Depression (CHANCE‐AND). Journal of Cardiac Failure 2010;16(11):913.
McCall 2011 {published data only}
    1. McCall N, Cromwell J. Results of the Medicare Health Support disease‐management pilot program. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;365(18):1704‐12. - PubMed
Mizukawa 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mizukawa M, Moriyama M, Naka M, Tomiyama M, Kobayashi S, Kitagawa T, et al. Telemonitoring in patients with chronic heart failure: multicenter randomized trial in Japan (pilot study). Journal of Cardiac Failure 2014;20(10S):S144.
Moye 2012 {published data only}
    1. Moye P M, Douglass P, Owen PS, Pounds T. A hospital's effort to lower the readmission of patients with heart failure (HELP‐HF): a pilot study. Pharmacotherapy 2012;32(10):e306.
Papadopoulou 2010 {published data only}
    1. Papadopoulou E. Cardiac failure patients telephone intervention program by specialized trained nurse and the impact on the occurrence of patient readmissions and cardiac mortality rate. Heart Surgery Forum 2010;13:S41.
    1. Papadopoulou E, Mavrogeni S, Kolovou G, Sida V, Cokkinos D V. Phone call evaluation in end stage heart failure ‐ One year follow‐up. European Journal of Heart Failure 2009;8(Suppl):ii354.
Persson 2011 {published data only}
    1. Persson H, Lofsjogard J, Melin M, Jaraj D, Fjellner A, Straat E. Results of a randomized clinical study evaluating nurse‐driven telemedicine interventions for high risk chronic heart failure patients with frequent rehospitalizations. European Heart Journal 2011;32:292.
Ritchie 2012 E‐coach {published data only}
    1. Ritchie C, Richman J, Sobko H, Bodner E, Phillips B, Houston T. The E‐coach transition support computer telephony implementation study: protocol of a randomized trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2012;33(6):1172‐9. - PubMed
Voon 2013 {published data only}
    1. Voon V, Ledwidge M T, Edwards N, Lawlor L, Travers B, Kelly D, et al. Telemonitoring in heart failure‐is there a need to target high‐risk populations and optimize background standards of care?. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;12:S297.
Whole Systems Demonstrator {published data only}
    1. Bardsley M, Steventon A, Doll H. Impact of telehealth on general practice contacts: findings from the whole systems demonstrator cluster randomised trial. BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:395. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bower P, Cartwright M, Hirani S P, Barlow J, Hendy J, Knapp M, et al. A comprehensive evaluation of the impact of telemonitoring in patients with long‐term conditions and social care needs: protocol for the whole systems demonstrator cluster randomised trial. BMC Health Services Research 2011;11:12. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cartwright M, Hirani SP, Rixon L, Beynon M, Doll H, Bower P, et al. Effect of telehealth on quality of life and psychological outcomes over 12 months (Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study): nested study of patient reported outcomes in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2013;346:f653. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Henderson C, Knapp M, Fernandez J L, Beecham J, Hirani S P, Cartwright M, et al. Cost effectiveness of telehealth for patients with long term conditions (Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study): nested economic evaluation in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial.[Erratum appears in BMJ. 2013;346:j2065]. BMJ 2013;346:f1035. - PubMed
    1. Sanders C, Rogers A, Bowen R, Bower P, Hirani S, Cartwright M, et al. Exploring barriers to participation and adoption of telehealth and telecare within the Whole System Demonstrator trial: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12:220. - PMC - PubMed
Zhang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Zhang H, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Feng F, Zhao W, Yin Y, et al. Twenty‐four hours nurse telephone service improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009:A368.
Zugck 2010 HiTel {published data only}
    1. Zugck C, Cebola R, Frankenstein L, Nelles M, Taeger T, Pribe R, et al. Telemedicine reduces hospitalisation rates in patients with chronic heart failure‐results of the randomized HiTel trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2010;9(Suppl):S170.
    1. Zugck C, Frankenstein L, Nelles M, Froehlich H, Schellberg D, Cebola R, et al. 52 Telemedicine reduces hospitalisation rates in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the randomised HiTel trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2008;7(Suppl 1):9.
    1. Zugck C, Nelles M, Frankenstein L, Schultz C, Helms T, Korb H, et al. Telemonitoring in chronic heart failure patients: which diagnostic finding prevents hospital readmission? [Telemedizinisches Monitoring bei herzinsuffizienten Patienten: welche Befundkonstellation verhindert die stationäre Wiedereinweisung?]. Herzschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie 2005;16(3):176‐82. - PubMed

Additional references

Abraham 2011
    1. Abraham WT, Adamson PB, Bourge RC, Aaron MF, Costanzo MR, Stevenson LW, et al. Wireless pulmonary artery haemodynamic monitoring in chronic heart failure: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;377(9766):658‐66. - PubMed
Anker 2011
    1. Anker SD, Koehler F, Abraham WT. Telemedicine and remote management of patients with heart failure. Lancet 2011;378(9792):731‐9. - PubMed
Antonicelli 2010
    1. Antonicelli R, Mazzanti I, Abbatecola AM, Parati G. Impact of home patient telemonitoring on use of beta‐blockers in congestive heart failure. Drugs & Aging 2010;27(10):801‐5. - PubMed
Bhatia 2006
    1. Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, Austin PC, Fang J, Haouzi A, et al. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population‐based study. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355(3):260‐9. - PubMed
Callender 2014b
    1. Callender T, Woodward M, Roth G, Farzadfar F, Lemarie JC, Cicquel S, et al. Heart Failure Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. PLoS Medicine 2014;12(11):e1001699. - PMC - PubMed
Clark 2005
    1. Clark RA, McLennan S, Eckert K, Dawson A, Wilkinson D, Stewart S. Chronic heart failure beyond city limits. Rural and Remote Health 2005;5(4):443. - PubMed
Clark 2007b
    1. Clark RA, Yallop JJ, Piterman L, Croucher J, Tonkin AM, Stewart S, et al. Adherence, adaptation and acceptance of elderly chronic heart failure participants to receiving healthcare by telemonitoring. European Journal of Heart Failure 2007;9(11):1104‐11. - PubMed
Clark 2009
    1. Clark AM, Savard LA, Thompson DR. What is the strength of evidence for heart failure disease‐management programs?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009;54(5):397‐401. - PubMed
Clarke 2011
    1. Clarke M, Shah A, Sharma U. Systematic review of studies on telemonitoring of patients with congestive heart failure: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2011;17(1):7‐14. - PubMed
Cleland 2001
    1. Cleland JGF, Khand A, Clark AC. The heart failure epidemic: exactly how big is it?. European Heart Journal 2001;22(8):623‐6. - PubMed
Cleland 2003
    1. Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F, Komajda M, Cohen‐Solal A, Aguilar JC, et al. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme‐‐ a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. European Heart Journal 2003;24(5):442‐63. - PubMed
Cleland 2006a
    1. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, et al. Longer‐term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on mortality in heart failure [the CArdiac REsynchronization‐Heart Failure (CARE‐HF) trial extension phase]. European Heart Journal 2006; Vol. 27, issue 16:1928‐32. - PubMed
Cleland 2006b
    1. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J, Freemantle N, Polonski L, Taylor J. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP‐CHF) study. European Heart Journal 2006; Vol. 27, issue 19:2338‐45. - PubMed
Cleland 2007
    1. Cleland JGF, Tendera M, Taylor J. Prognosis in heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357(8):829‐30. - PubMed
Cleland 2009
    1. Cleland JGF, Lewinter C, Goode KM. Telemonitoring for heart failure: the only feasible option for good universal care?. European Journal of Heart Failure 2009;11(3):227‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Cleland 2011
    1. Cleland JG, McDonagh T, Rigby AS, Yassin A, Whittaker T, Dargie HJ, National Heart Failure Audit Team for England and Wales. The national heart failure audit for England and Wales 2008‐2009. Heart 2011;97(11):876‐86. - PubMed
Cleland 2014b
    1. Cleland JG, Pellicori P, Dierckx R. Clinical trials in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Heart Failure Clinics 2014; Vol. 10, issue 3:511‐23. - PubMed
Deeks 2011
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta‐analyses. in: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.
Dunlay 2014
    1. Dunlay SM, Roger VL. Understanding the epidemic of heart failure: past, present, and future. Current Heart Failure Reports 2014;11(4):404‐15. - PMC - PubMed
Gerber 2015
    1. Gerber Y, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Chamberlain AM, Manemann SM, Jiang R, et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Internal Medicine 2015;175(6):996‐1004. - PMC - PubMed
Harjola 2010
    1. Harjola VP, Follath F, Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, Drexler H, et al. Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality at 3 months and 1 year in patients hospitalised for acute heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2010;12(Mar 3):239‐48. - PubMed
Hebert 2008
    1. Hebert PL, Sisk JE, Wang JJ, Tuzzio L, Casablanca JM, Chassin MR, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of nurse‐led disease management for heart failure in an ethnically diverse urban community. Annals of Internal Medicine 2008;149(8):540‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Heidenreich 2013
    1. Heidenreich PA, Albert NM, Allen LA, Bluemke DA, Butler J, Fonarow J, et al. Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation Heart Failure 2013;6(3):606‐19. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011
    1. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928. - PMC - PubMed
Holland 2005
    1. Holland R, Battersby J, Harvey I, Lenaghan E, Smith J, Hay, L. Systematic review of multidisciplinary interventions in heart failure. Heart 2005; Vol. 91, issue 7:899‐906. - PMC - PubMed
Jaarsma 2006
    1. Jaarsma T, Strömberg A, Geest S, Fridlund B, Heikkila J, Mårtensson J, et al. Heart failure management programmes in Europe. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2006;5(3):197‐205. - PubMed
Jhund 2009
    1. Jhund PS, MacIntyre K, Simpson CR, Lewsey JD, Stewart S, Redpath A, et al. Long‐term trends in first hospitalisation for heart failure and subsequent survival between 1986 and 2003: a population study of 5.1 million people. Circulation 2009;119(4):515‐23. - PubMed
Kjekshus 2007
    1. Kjekshus J, Apetrei E, Barrios V, Böhm M, Cleland JG, Cornel JH, et al. Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357(22):2248‐61. - PubMed
Klersy 2009
    1. Klersy C, Silvestri A, Gabutti G, Regoli F, Auricchio A. Meta‐analysis of remote monitoring of heart failure patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009;54(18):1683‐94. - PubMed
Kotb 2015
    1. Kotb A, Cameron C, Hsieh S, Wells G. Comparative effectiveness of different forms of telemedicine for individuals with heart failure (HF): a systematic review and network meta‐analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(2):e0118681. - PMC - PubMed
Krumholz 2006
    1. Krumholz HM, Currie PM, Riegel B, Phillips CO, Peterson ED, Smith R, et al. A taxonomy of disease management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Disease Management Taxonomy Writing Group. Circulation 2006;114(13):1432‐45. - PubMed
Lenzen 2005
    1. Lenzen MJ, Boersma E, Reimer WJ, Balk AH, Komajda M, Swedburg K, et al. Under‐utilization of evidence‐based drug treatment in patients with heart failure is only partially explained by dissimilarity to patients enrolled in landmark trials. European Heart Journal 2005;Sep 23(24):2706‐13. - PubMed
Levy 2002
    1. Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, Ho KK, et al. Long‐term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;347(18):1397‐402. - PubMed
Linde 2008
    1. Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C. Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008;52(23):1834‐43. - PubMed
Louis 2003
    1. Louis AA, Turner T, Gretton M, Baksh A, Cleland JGF. A systematic review of telemonitoring for the management of heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2003;5(5):585‐90. - PubMed
MAGGIC 2012
    1. Meta‐analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC). The survival of patients with heart failure with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: an individual patient data meta‐analysis. European Heart Journal 2012; Vol. 33, issue 14:1750‐7. - PubMed
Maggioni 2013
    1. Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, Chioncel O, Crespo Leiro M, et al. EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1‐year follow‐up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC‐HF Pilot). European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;15(7):808‐17. - PubMed
Mant 2011
    1. Mant J, Al‐Mohammad A, Swain S, Laramee P. Management of chronic heart failure in adults: synopsis of the National Institute For Health and Clinical Excellence guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine 2011;155(4):252‐9. - PubMed
Massie 2008
    1. Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, et al. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine 2008;359(23):2456‐67. - PubMed
McAlister 2004
    1. McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua J, McMurray JJV. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: a systematic review of randomised trials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004;44(4):810‐9. - PubMed
McMurray 2012
    1. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European Journal of Heart Failure 2012; Vol. 14, issue 8:803‐69. - PubMed
Mebazaa 2015
    1. Mebazaa A, Yilmaz MB, Levy P, Ponikowski P, Peacock WF, Laribi S, et al. Recommendations on pre‐hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. European Journal of Heart Failure 2015; Vol. 17, issue 6:544‐58. - PubMed
Metra 2015
    1. Metra M, Mentz RJ, Chiswell K, Bloomfield DM, Cleland JG, Cotter G, et al. Acute heart failure in elderly patients: worse outcomes and differential utility of standard prognostic variables. Insights from the PROTECT trial. European Journal of Heart Failure 2015; Vol. 17, issue 1:109‐18. - PubMed
National Heart Foundation of Australia 2011
    1. National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (Chronic Heart Failure Guidelines Expert Writing Panel). Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of chronic heart failure in Australia. Updated October 2011. National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2011. [ISBN 978‐1‐921748‐71‐4]
Owan 2006
    1. Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine 2006; Vol. 355, issue 3:251‐9. - PubMed
Pandor 2013b
    1. Pandor A, Gomersall T, Stevens JW, Wang J, Al‐Mohammad A, Bakhai A, et al. Remote monitoring after recent hospital discharge in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis. Heart 2013;99(23):1717‐26. - PubMed
Polisena 2010
    1. Polisena J, Tran K, Cimon K, Hutton B, McGill S, Palmer K, et al. Home telemonitoring for congestive heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2010;16(2):68‐76. - PubMed
Ponikowski 2014
    1. Ponikowski P, Anker SD, AlHabib KF, Cowie MR, Force TL, Hu S, et al. Heart Failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. European Society of Cardiology 2014. - PubMed
Schünemann 2011
    1. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Higgins JPT, Vist GV, Glasziou P, Guyatt GH, Cochrane Applicability and Recommendations Methods Group and the Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. Chapter 11: Presenting results and ‘Summary of findings’ tables. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.
Smith 2005
    1. Smith B, Forkner E, Zaslow B, Krasuski RA, Stajduhar K, Kwan M, et al. Disease management produces limited quality‐of‐life improvements in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence from a randomised trial in community‐ dwelling patients. American Journal of Managed Care 2005;11:701‐3. - PubMed
Smith 2008
    1. Smith B, Hughes‐Cromwick PF, Forkner E, Galbreath AD. Cost‐effectiveness of telephonic disease management in heart failure. American Journal of Managed Care 2008;14(2):106‐15. - PubMed
Soran 2010
    1. Soran OZ, Feldman AM, Piña IL, Lamas GA, Kelsey SF, Selzer F, et al. Cost of medical services in older patients with heart failure: those receiving enhanced monitoring using a computer‐based telephonic monitoring system compared with those in usual care: the heart failure home care trial. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2010;16(11):859‐66. - PubMed
Steventon 2012a
    1. Steventon A, Bardsley M, Billings J, Dixon J, Doll H, Hirani S, et al. Effect of telehealth on use of secondary care and mortality: findings from the Whole System Demonstrator cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2012; Vol. 344:e3874. - PMC - PubMed
Steventon 2013a
    1. Steventon A, Tunkel S, Blunt I, Bardsley M. Effect of telephone health coaching (Birmingham OwnHealth) on hospital use and associated costs: cohort study with matched controls. British Medical Journal 2013;347:f4585. - PMC - PubMed
Stewart 2013
    1. Stewart S, MacIntyre K, Capewell S, McMurray JJ. Heart failure and the aging population: an increasing burden in the 21st century?. Heart 2003;89(1):49‐53. - PMC - PubMed
Toma 2006
    1. M Toma, FA McAlister, L Bialy, D Adams, B Vandermeer, PW Armstrong. JAMA. 295:1281‐1287, 2006. Transition from meeting abstract to full‐length journal article for randomized controlled trials.. Journal of the American Medical Association 2006;295:1281‐1287,. - PubMed
Yancy 2013
    1. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2013;128(16):1810‐52. - PubMed
Yu 2006
    1. Yu D, Thompson DR, Lee D. Disease management programmes for older people with heart failure: crucial characteristics which improve post‐discharge outcomes. European Heart Journal 2006;27(5):596‐612. - PubMed
Yusuf 2014
    1. Yusuf S, Rangarajan S, Koon T, Islam S, Li W, Liu L, et al. PURE Investigators. Cardiovascular Risk and Events in 17 Low‐, Middle‐, and High‐Income Countries. New England Journal of Medicine 2014;371(9):818‐27. - PubMed
Zile 2002
    1. Zile MR, Brutsaert DL. New concepts in diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure: Part I: diagnosis, prognosis, and measurements of diastolic function. Circulation 2002; Vol. 105, issue 11:1387‐93. - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Clark 2007a
    1. Clark RA, Inglis SC, McAlister FA, Cleland JGF, Stewart S. Telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes for patients with chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta‐analysis. BMJ 2007;334(7600):942‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Conway 2014
    1. Conway A, Inglis SC, Clark RA. Effective technologies for noninvasive remote monitoring in heart failure. Telemedicine Journal and e‐Health 2014;20(6):531‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Inglis 2010
    1. Inglis SC, Clark RA, McAlister FA, Ball J, Lewinter C, Cullington D, et al. Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 8. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007228.pub2] - DOI - PubMed
Inglis 2011a
    1. Inglis SC, Clark RA, McAlister FA, Stewart S, Cleland JG. Telemedicine and remote management of heart failure (Letter to the Editor). Lancet 2011;378:e9. - PubMed
Inglis 2011b
    1. Inglis SC, Clark RA, Cleland JGF. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure (Letter to the Editor). New England Journal of Medicine 2011;364(11):1078‐80. - PubMed
Inglis 2014
    1. Inglis SC, Conway A, Cleland JGF, Clark RA. Is age a factor in the success or failure of remote monitoring in heart failure? Telemonitoring and structured telephone support in elderly heart failure patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2015;14(3):248‐55. - PubMed