Efficacy and Safety of MMFS-01, a Synapse Density Enhancer, for Treating Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;49(4):971-90. doi: 10.3233/JAD-150538.

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment is a major problem in elderly, affecting quality of life. Pre-clinical studies show that MMFS-01, a synapse density enhancer, is effective at reversing cognitive decline in aging rodents.

Objective: Since brain atrophy during aging is strongly associated with both cognitive decline and sleep disorder, we evaluated the efficacy of MMFS-01 in its ability to reverse cognitive impairment and improve sleep.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-designed trial in older adult subjects (age 50-70) with cognitive impairment. Subjects were treated with MMFS-01 (n = 23) or placebo (n = 21) for 12 weeks and cognitive ability, sleep quality, and emotion were evaluated. Overall cognitive ability was determined by a composite score of tests in four major cognitive domains.

Results: With MMFS-01 treatment, overall cognitive ability improved significantly relative to placebo (p = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.91). Cognitive fluctuation was also reduced. The study population had more severe executive function deficits than age-matched controls from normative data and MMFS-01 treatment nearly restored their impaired executive function, demonstrating that MMFS-01 may be clinically significant. Due to the strong placebo effects on sleep and anxiety, the effects of MMFS-01 on sleep and anxiety could not be determined.

Conclusions: The current study demonstrates the potential of MMFS-01 for treating cognitive impairment in older adults.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; L-threonate; cognition; cognitive impairment; composite score; magnesium; mild cognitive impairment; randomized clinical trial; sleep disorder; synaptic density.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anxiety / drug therapy
  • Butyrates / adverse effects
  • Butyrates / therapeutic use*
  • Cognition / drug effects
  • Cognition Disorders / drug therapy*
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Emotions / drug effects
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Nootropic Agents / adverse effects
  • Nootropic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Sleep / drug effects
  • Synapses / drug effects
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Butyrates
  • Nootropic Agents
  • threonic acid