Translating Research to Practice for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Part I: Definition, Associated Behaviors, Prevalence, Diagnostic Process, and Interventions

Abstract

Introduction: The number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rising, along with the potential for challenging behaviors during health care encounters.

Method: We present an overview of the emerging science related to ASD diagnosis and interventions for children with ASD.

Results: Emerging science on ASD reveals common associated challenging behaviors, increasing prevalence, emphasis on early diagnosis at 18 to 24 months of age, changes in the diagnostic process with criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, and interventions with medication, education, and behavior management.

Discussion: Family and health care provider preparation strategies facilitate care of children with ASD and their families. Early diagnosis at 18 to 24 months of age and evidence-based interventions contribute to best outcomes for children and families. Health care providers must be aware of the state of the science for diagnosis and best practices to provide family-centered care for this growing population.

Keywords: ASD; Autism spectrum disorder; autism; behavior; diagnosis.