Surgical treatment of dorsal perilunate fracture-dislocations and prognostic factors

Abstract

Introduction: Perilunate injuries are rare entities which can be difficult to diagnose. Most common type is dorsal perilunate fracture dislocation (97%). The purpose of treatment is anatomic reduction and stable fixation. We aimed to present the radiologic and functional results of surgically treated dorsal perilunate fracture-dislocations and discuss the factors influencing the prognosis.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2013, 17 patients were operated for perilunate fracture-dislocations. The mechanism of injuries, soft tissue traumas, etiologic factors and stages according to Herzberg classification were determined. The MAYO wrist score was used for functional evaluation. Scapholunate distance and scapholunate angle were measured and, degenerative changes were investigated by comparing with contralateral side on plain x-ray images in terms of radiologic evaluation.

Results: Mean follow-up was 37,8 (range, 16-84) months. The average age at surgery was 35.1 (range, 18-51) years. Fifteen patients were male and two were female. Functional results were excellent in four (23.5%), good in two (11.8%), satisfactory in five (29.4%) and poor in six (35.3%) patients. Degenerative changes were determined in radiocarpal and mid-carpal joints of 14 wrists (82.4%). Scapholunate dissociation more than 2 mm was detected in three wrists. In four wrists osteochondral fragments were determined on the head of the capitate. Stage 2 lesions, delayed presentations, open fractures, scapholunate dissociations more than 2 mm had worse functional results.

Conclusion: Despite anatomic reduction, ligamentous and chondral injuries that occured at the time of trauma may cause persistant wrist pain in patients who suffer perilunate fracture dislocation. Mechanism of injury, presence of soft tissue defects and the time between injury and treatment can affect clinical and radiologic results.

Keywords: Dorsal perilunate fracture-dislocation; Perilunate fracture-dislocation; Prognostic factors; Surgical treatment.