Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard
- PMID: 26555822
- PMCID: PMC4685613
- DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1110623
Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) was found in mustard up to a concentration of around 8 mg kg(-1). Contamination of the raw products or caused by the packaging could be ruled out. Also, the fact that only the 4,4'-isomer of BPF was detected spoke against contamination from epoxy resin or other sources where technical BPF is used. Only mild mustard made of the seeds of Sinapis alba contained BPF. In all probability BPF is a reaction product from the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucosinalbin with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as an important intermediate. Hot mustard made only from brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) or black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) contained no BPF. BPF is structurally very similar to bisphenol A and has a similar weak estrogenic activity. The consumption of a portion of 20 g of mustard can lead to an intake of 100-200 µg of BPF. According to a preliminary risk assessment, the risk of BPF in mustard for the health of consumers is considered to be low, but available toxicological data are insufficient for a conclusive evaluation. It is a new and surprising finding that BPF is a natural food ingredient and that this is the main uptake route. This insight sheds new light on the risk linked to the family of bisphenols.
Keywords: 2,4-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)-phenol; bamboo shoots; 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol; Bisphenol F; Sinapis alba; bisphenols; endocrine disruptor; glucosinalbin; mustard; taxiphyllin.
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Comment in
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From bisphenol A to bisphenol F and a ban of mustard due to chronic low-dose exposures?Arch Toxicol. 2016 Feb;90(2):489-91. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1671-5. Epub 2016 Feb 2. Arch Toxicol. 2016. PMID: 26838047 No abstract available.
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