Reported data on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are summarized. Numerous evidences are presented in favor of the fact that atherosclerotic vascular lesions are accompanied with disordered blood LPO, resulting in the accumulation of excessive quantities of peroxide derivatives, an important pathogenetic sign of this disease, along with blood lipid and lipoprotein levels, and clinico-instrumental findings. Oxidation and antioxidation factors whose balanced interaction contributes to the control of LPO activity are described.