Differences in foot sensitivity and plantar pressure between young adults and elderly

Abstract

Objective: The understanding of foot sensitivity and plantar pressure contributes to the design of insoles, shoes, as well as to guide therapeutic interventions. Here we investigate differences in plantar pressure and foot sensitivity between young adults and community-dwelling elderly.

Methods: Thirty-eight participants (19 young adults and 19 elderly) underwent clinical assessment of foot sensitivity and upright standing with eyes open and closed for measurement of plantar pressure in each foot. Data were compared between feet, groups, and visual conditions.

Results: Foot sensitivity was lower in the elderly and, in contrast to young adults, differed between the foot regions (loss of sensitivity was primarily seen at the heel). Elderly shift plantar pressure to more distal foot zones, namely towards midfoot and forefoot. Asymmetries in foot sensitivity and plantar pressure were not observed. Visual condition did not influence plantar pressure distribution.

Conclusions: The forward shift in plantar pressure (away from the insensitive heel) constitutes a strategy of elderly to maintain balance.

Keywords: Foot; Mechanoreceptors; Postural control; Proprioception.