Noninvasive Ventilation for the Emergency Physician

Michael G Allison; Michael E Winters

doi:10.1016/j.emc.2015.08.004

Noninvasive Ventilation for the Emergency Physician

Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;34(1):51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2015.08.004.

Authors

Michael G Allison¹, Michael E Winters²

Affiliations

¹ Critical Care Medicine, St. Agnes Hospital, 900 South Caton Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21229, USA.
² Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine/Critical Care Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: mwinters@umem.org.

PMID: 26614241
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2015.08.004

Abstract

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves oxygenation and ventilation, prevents endotracheal intubation, and decreases the mortality rate in select patients with acute respiratory failure. Although NIV is used commonly for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, there are emerging indications for its use in the emergency department. Emergency physicians must be knowledgeable regarding the indications and contraindications for NIV in emergency department patients with acute respiratory failure as well as the means of initiating it and monitoring patients who are receiving it.

Keywords: Acute respiratory failure; Bilevel positive airway pressure; Continuous positive airway pressure; High flow nasal cannula; Noninvasive ventilation.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Acute Disease
Contraindications
Emergency Medicine*
Emergency Service, Hospital*
Emergency Treatment / methods
Humans
Noninvasive Ventilation / methods*
Respiratory Distress Syndrome / therapy*
Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy*