Post-partum anaemia is an important global health issue. It is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality. This article focuses on the prevalence, causes and consequences of post-partum anaemia in Western countries. There is a need for national/international guidelines concerning the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of anaemia after delivery. In order to improve the mother's health status and quality of life, we suggest an increased awareness of diagnosing post-partum anaemia and use of evidence-based treatment options including oral and intravenous iron therapy.