In Vivo Tumor Growth Rate Measured by US in Preoperative Period and Long Term Disease Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients

PLoS One. 2015 Dec 10;10(12):e0144144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144144. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of tumor growth rate, calculated from tumor size measurements by US, on breast cancer patients' outcome.

Patients and methods: Breast cancer patients who received at least two serial breast ultrasonographies (US) in our institution during preoperative period and were surgically treated between 2002 and 2010 were reviewed. Tumor growth rate was determined by specific growth rate (SGR) using the two time point tumor sizes by US.

Results: A total of 957 patients were analyzed. The median duration between initial and second US was 28 days (range, 8-140). The median initial tumor size was 1.7 cm (range, 0.4-7.0) and median second size was 1.9 cm (range, 0.3-7.2). 523 (54.6%) cases had increase in size. The median SGR(x10-2) was 0.59 (range, -11.90~31.49) and mean tumor doubling time was 14.51 days. Tumor growth rate was higher when initial tumor size was smaller. Lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node metastasis, and higher histologic grade were significantly associated with higher SGR. SGR was significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in a univariate analysis (p = 0.04), but not in a multivariate Cox analysis (p>0.05). High SGR was significantly associated with worse DFS in a subgroup of initial tumor size >2 cm (p = 0.018), but not in those with tumor size <2 cm (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Our results showed that tumor growth rate measured by US in a relatively short time interval was associated with other worse prognostic factors and DFS, but it was not an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Axilla / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Breast Neoplasms / mortality
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology
  • Middle Aged
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Preoperative Period
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Survival Rate
  • Ultrasonography
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

Supported in part by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (grant number: 2015R1A2A2A01008264) and by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI14C1277). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.