Longitudinal analysis of hemostasis biomarkers in cancer patients during antitumor treatment

J Thromb Haemost. 2016 Feb;14(2):294-305. doi: 10.1111/jth.13218. Epub 2016 Jan 29.

Abstract

ESSENTIALS: Hemostasis biomarkers impact thrombosis occurrence and survival in cancer patients. We performed a longitudinal analysis of hemostatic parameters in 112 cancer patients. Hemostatic parameters are associated with disease state, patients' prognosis, and the risk of VTE. The procoagulant state exists not only at diagnosis, but also during the course of disease.

Background: Hemostasis biomarkers are known to have an impact on venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrence and survival in cancer patients.

Objectives: As there are almost no data on longitudinal changes, we aimed to evaluate those in the present prospective observational study during chemotherapy and the course of disease.

Patients/methods: Patients with cancer of the brain (n = 39), lung (n = 41), colon (n = 15) or pancreas (n = 17) were included before initiation of antitumor therapy. Blood samples for determination of factor VIII, thrombin peak height, D-dimer, F1 + 2 , fibrinogen and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) were drawn on a monthly basis. The study endpoints were death, VTE occurrence, or completion of the study period.

Results: Overall, 546 blood samples of 112 patients were analyzed. D-dimer and sP-selectin levels were significantly higher in patients with distant metastasis than in those without. Patients with complete remission had significantly lower levels of F1 + 2 , D-dimer and fibrinogen. Peak height thrombin levels showed a decrease over time in all tumor types. Levels of biomarkers behaved differently in the various tumor types. Patients who developed VTE (n = 14) showed increasing levels of FVIII, sP-selectin, and D-dimer. At the last blood sampling time-point before VTE occurrence, in 13 patients the D-dimer level was above the median, and in seven of these patients it was even above the 75th percentile; however, the individual course was highly variable. Regarding survival, steadily increased FVIII, sP-selectin and D-dimer levels were associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions: Hemostatic parameters show an association with disease state, prognosis, and the risk of VTE, not only at diagnosis, but also during the course of antineoplastic treatment.

Keywords: D-dimer; biomarkers; cancer; hemostasis; survival; venous thromboembolism.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Factor VIII / metabolism
  • Female
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / metabolism
  • Fibrinogen / metabolism
  • Hemostasis*
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasms / blood
  • Neoplasms / complications
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Neoplasms / mortality
  • P-Selectin / blood
  • Peptide Fragments / blood
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Prothrombin
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Thrombin / metabolism
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Venous Thromboembolism / blood
  • Venous Thromboembolism / etiology*
  • Venous Thromboembolism / mortality
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Biomarkers
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
  • P-Selectin
  • Peptide Fragments
  • SELP protein, human
  • fibrin fragment D
  • prothrombin fragment 1.2
  • F8 protein, human
  • Prothrombin
  • Factor VIII
  • Fibrinogen
  • Thrombin