Recurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy despite immune recovery in two HIV seropositive individuals

J Neurovirol. 2016 Aug;22(4):541-5. doi: 10.1007/s13365-015-0419-y. Epub 2016 Jan 4.

Abstract

We present two cases of recurrent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with long standing virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and normal CD4+ T cell count who were taking stable regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This has significant implications for other patients with a past history of PML, not just those with HIV but also those on medications such as natalizumab or fumarates.

Keywords: Neuroimmunology; Neurovirology; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology
  • Coinfection
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections / immunology
  • HIV Infections / virology*
  • HIV-1 / immunology
  • HIV-1 / pathogenicity
  • Humans
  • JC Virus / immunology
  • JC Virus / pathogenicity
  • Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / diagnosis
  • Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / drug therapy
  • Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / immunology
  • Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / virology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Natalizumab / therapeutic use*
  • Recurrence

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Natalizumab