Abstract
We present two cases of recurrent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with long standing virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and normal CD4+ T cell count who were taking stable regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This has significant implications for other patients with a past history of PML, not just those with HIV but also those on medications such as natalizumab or fumarates.
Keywords:
Neuroimmunology; Neurovirology; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
MeSH terms
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Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
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Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
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CD4 Lymphocyte Count
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology
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Coinfection
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Female
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HIV Infections / diagnosis
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HIV Infections / drug therapy
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HIV Infections / immunology
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HIV Infections / virology*
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HIV-1 / immunology
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HIV-1 / pathogenicity
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Humans
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JC Virus / immunology
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JC Virus / pathogenicity
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / diagnosis
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / drug therapy
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / immunology
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Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / virology*
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Natalizumab / therapeutic use*
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Recurrence
Substances
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Anti-HIV Agents
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Natalizumab