An Uncommon Complication With Use of Topical Local Anesthetic Agents: Methemoglobinemia

Am J Ther. 2016 Nov/Dec;23(6):e1968-e1969. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000355.

Abstract

Although the use of topical local anesthetics is generally safe, several potentially fatal complications have been reported. Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Methemoglobin is a naturally occurring oxidized metabolite of hemoglobin, and physiologic levels (<1%) are normal. Methemoglobinemia can be congenital or acquired. Several drugs including topical anesthetic agents like benzocaine can induce this condition. Sudden appearance of cyanosis, with a disproportionately better oxygen saturation of 85% after use of local anesthetics can be a helpful for diagnosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Topical
  • Anesthetics, Local / adverse effects*
  • Benzocaine / adverse effects*
  • Cyanosis / chemically induced
  • Cyanosis / therapy
  • Echocardiography, Transesophageal / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Methemoglobinemia / chemically induced*
  • Methemoglobinemia / therapy
  • Middle Aged
  • Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
  • Pharynx

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Benzocaine