Behçet's syndrome is a rare, progressive and systemic disease. It causes scrotal ulcers, bilateral conjunctivitis and recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. Genetic factors, mechanisms of autoimmunity as well as environmental factors interact in the etiology of the syndrome, according to the most recently developed hypotheses. The diagnostic and therapeutic traps which might appear during the contemporary O.R.L. practice are presented here, considering the oral ulcers of a frequently common appearance and especially the dysphagia which might be confused with many other clinicopathological entities.