Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the detection rate of clinically significant disease in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies versus three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (3D TRUS)-guided biopsies according to prostate size.
Methods: The study compared 120 consecutive biopsy-naïve men who underwent 3D TRUS-guided systematic biopsy to 120 consecutive men who underwent MRI-targeted biopsy. Stratifications based on tertiles were used for assessing interactions between prostate volume and rates of detection of significant cancer.
Results: Older age, higher prostate-specific antigen level, lower prostate volume, increased number of cores and MRI-targeted biopsy were independent predictors of prostate cancer detection in the entire cohort on logistic regression. Clinically significant cancer detection rates were significantly higher in the MRI-targeted group than in the 3D TRUS-guided biopsy group (48.7% vs 29.4%, p = 0.002). When stratified according to prostate volume, these rates were significantly higher only in the third tertile group (volume > 50 cm(3)) for MRI-targeted biopsy compared to 3D TRUS-guided biopsy (56% vs 22%, p = 0.003).
Conclusion: MRI-targeted biopsies increased the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer only in patients with enlarged prostates compared to the 3D TRUS.
Keywords: Biopsy; diagnosis; multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging; prostate cancer; prostate volume.