Health risk assessment of trace elements via dietary intake of 'non-piscine protein source' foodstuffs (meat, milk and egg) in Bangladesh

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Apr;23(8):7794-806. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-6013-2. Epub 2016 Jan 12.

Abstract

Concentrations of six trace elements [chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As)] were assessed in 'non-piscine protein source' foodstuffs (meat, milk and eggs) to evaluate contamination level and human health risks in Bangladesh. The range of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb and As in the investigated foodstuffs was 1.24-2.17, 1.29-2.56, 0.92-2.31, 0.12-0.44, 0.15-0.48 and 0.14-0.57 mg kg fresh weight(-1), respectively. The estimated mean levels of most of the elements were higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for dietary foods. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of Cr and Cd were higher than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) for children, indicating that they are more susceptible to toxic elements through food consumption. The target hazard quotients (THQs) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of As (THQ > 1 and TCR > 10(-4)) for both the adults and children suggest that the consumers of non-piscine foodstuffs (especially cow milk and chicken meat) are exposed chronically to metal pollution with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health consequences.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Cancer risk; EDI; Eggs; MTDI; Meat; Milk; THQ; Trace elements.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Arsenic / analysis*
  • Bangladesh
  • Cadmium / analysis
  • Cattle
  • Child
  • Chromium / analysis
  • Copper / analysis
  • Eggs / analysis*
  • Environmental Pollution / adverse effects
  • Environmental Pollution / analysis
  • Food Contamination / analysis*
  • Humans
  • Meat / analysis*
  • Metals, Heavy / analysis*
  • Milk / chemistry*
  • Neoplasms / chemically induced
  • Nickel / analysis
  • No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
  • Risk Assessment
  • Trace Elements / analysis

Substances

  • Metals, Heavy
  • Trace Elements
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • Copper
  • Nickel
  • Arsenic