Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles facilitated drug delivery via cascade pH stimuli in tumor microenvironment for tumor therapy

Abstract

To efficiently deliver anti-cancer drug to tumor site and reduce its toxic side effects on normal tissues, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) shielding and tumor microenvironment triggering cascade pH-responsive hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) drug delivery system was fabricated. 3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (DHPA) functionalized beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was grafted onto the surfaces of HMSNs via boronic acid-catechol ester bonds. Then, PEG conjugated adamantane (Ada) was anchored on HMSNs-β-CD nanocarrier via host-gust interaction. Various techniques proved the successful fabrication of the system. The in vitro tests confirmed that the system was biocompatible. After the system permeating into tumor via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, the benzoic-imine bonds between the PEG and Ada were cleaved under weak acid condition in tumor microenvironment (pH 6.8), while the dissociated PEG protective layer facilitating cellular uptake of HMSNs system. Subsequently, the boronic acid-catechol ester bonds linkers further hydrolyzed under even low endosomal pH (4.5-6.5) condition for intracellular drug delivery, leading to efficient cell apoptosis. The in vivo results demonstrated that drug loaded HMSNs significantly inhibited tumor growth while only with minimal toxic side effects. The strategy provides new insight into the development of new generation of drug delivery carriers triggering by tumor microenvironment.

Keywords: Cascade pH stimuli; Drug delivery; HMSNs; In vivo; Tumor microenvironment.