Membrane Protein Analyses Using Alkylated Trihydroxyacetophenone (ATHAP) as a MALDI Matrix

Anal Chem. 2016 Feb 2;88(3):1688-95. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03700. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

Abstract

Membrane proteins containing hydrophobic regions have been difficult to analyze using MALDI-MS, probably due to the use of conventional matrices with a low affinity for hydrophobic peptides. Recently, we reported 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)octan-1-one (alkylated trihydroxyacetophenone (ATHAP)) as a matrix for hydrophobic peptides. In this study, ATHAP was applied to analyze membrane proteins containing transmembrane domains. As a result, we detected intact molecular ions for bacteriorhodopsin (BR) containing seven transmembrane domains that are difficult to detect using 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone or sinapinic acid, by using ATHAP. In addition, we detected digest ions containing all seven transmembrane domains that are difficult to detect using α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), by using ATHAP. Moreover, ions for hydrophobic digests containing a single transmembrane domain for cadherin 1 (CDH1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) recombinant proteins, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) were detected with higher sensitivity using ATHAP than with CHCA, confirming that ATHAP improved the membrane protein analyses, especially for hydrophobic regions such as transmembrane domains.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetophenones / chemistry*
  • Alkylation
  • Halobacterium salinarum / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Membrane Proteins / analysis*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / methods*

Substances

  • Acetophenones
  • Membrane Proteins
  • 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone