Purpose of review: Silicosis because of denim sandblasting emerged as a new cause of silicosis in Turkey in the mid-2000s, and the following years have brought new cases constituting an epidemic with fatal outcomes. Because silicosis is a preventable disease, all efforts should be focused on preventing exposure to crystalline silica and thus development of the disease.
Recent findings: Denim sandblasters are at a high risk of silicosis. Patients with silicosis because of denim sandblasting exhibit rapid disease progression, and many of the complications associated with silicosis, including death, appear to be unavoidable. Thus, understanding the damage mechanism underlying silicosis in the lungs may help introduce treatment options to delay or reverse the progression of the disease. Silicosis because of denim sandblasting remains an important global health concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries.
Summary: Clinicians should be aware of potential occupational diseases, such as silicosis because of denim sandblasting, in unrecognized areas. To achieve success in the prevention of silicosis, occupational hygiene measures for crystalline silica should be supported by campaigns to not use sandblasted jeans worldwide.