The neglect situation of rural children in China is serious, which is more serious than the same age group of urban children, especially the behind children are more severe. Child neglect deeply affects children's physical and mental health of children and adolescents in rural areas (from physical neglect, emotional neglect, education neglect, safety neglect, medical neglect and social neglect six aspects). To effectively prevent and control rural child neglect and promote the development of the physical and mental health of rural children and adolescents in China, we must adopt comprehensive measures including social, family and children three aspects. We need to cause the attention of the government and the society, improve the prevention of child neglect of social support networks, promote the social multi departments cooperation and efforts, and from the different angles to take effective intervention measure. To strengthen family intervention for the neglected children, to provide support and help to parents and families, as much as possible to eliminate or reduce the influence factors of child neglect. Should be aimed at high-risk group of child neglect, to adopt the principle of "early detection, early intervention", through to help and support to prevent or reduce the occurrence of neglect.