Thermodynamic temperature assignment to the point of inflection of the melting curve of high-temperature fixed points

E R Woolliams; K Anhalt; M Ballico; P Bloembergen; F Bourson; S Briaudeau; J Campos; M G Cox; D del Campo; W Dong; M R Dury; V Gavrilov; I Grigoryeva; M L Hernanz; F Jahan; B Khlevnoy; V Khromchenko; D H Lowe; X Lu; G Machin; J M Mantilla; M J Martin; H C McEvoy; B Rougié; M Sadli; S G R Salim; N Sasajima; D R Taubert; A D W Todd; R Van den Bossche; E van der Ham; T Wang; A Whittam; B Wilthan; D J Woods; J T Woodward; Y Yamada; Y Yamaguchi; H W Yoon; Z Yuan

doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0044

Thermodynamic temperature assignment to the point of inflection of the melting curve of high-temperature fixed points

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016 Mar 28;374(2064):20150044. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0044.

Authors

E R Woolliams¹, K Anhalt², M Ballico³, P Bloembergen⁴, F Bourson⁵, S Briaudeau⁵, J Campos⁶, M G Cox⁷, D del Campo⁸, W Dong⁹, M R Dury⁷, V Gavrilov¹⁰, I Grigoryeva¹⁰, M L Hernanz⁶, F Jahan³, B Khlevnoy¹⁰, V Khromchenko¹¹, D H Lowe⁷, X Lu⁹, G Machin⁷, J M Mantilla⁸, M J Martin⁸, H C McEvoy⁷, B Rougié⁵, M Sadli⁵, S G R Salim¹², N Sasajima¹³, D R Taubert², A D W Todd¹⁴, R Van den Bossche¹⁵, E van der Ham³, T Wang⁹, A Whittam⁷, B Wilthan², D J Woods¹⁴, J T Woodward¹¹, Y Yamada¹³, Y Yamaguchi¹³, H W Yoon¹¹, Z Yuan⁹

Affiliations

¹ National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK emma.woolliams@npl.co.uk.
² Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, Berlin 10587, Germany.
³ Temperature Standards, National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA), Bradfield Road, West Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia.
⁴ Research Institute for Physical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan Division of Thermophysics and Process Measurements, National Institute of Metrology (NIM), No. 18 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
⁵ High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire commun de métrologie (LNE-Cnam), 61 rue du Landy, Saint Denis 93210, France.
⁶ Optical Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 144, Madrid 28006, Spain.
⁷ National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
⁸ Centro Español de Metrologia, C/del Alfar, 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain.
⁹ Division of Thermophysics and Process Measurements, National Institute of Metrology (NIM), No. 18 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
¹⁰ All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI), Ozernaya 46, Moscow 119361, Russia.
¹¹ Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
¹² High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire commun de métrologie (LNE-Cnam), 61 rue du Landy, Saint Denis 93210, France Radiometry and Photometry Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS), PO Box 136, President Sadat Street, El-Haram, Giza, Egypt.
¹³ Research Institute for Physical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
¹⁴ National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
¹⁵ National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.

PMID: 26903099
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0044

Abstract

The thermodynamic temperature of the point of inflection of the melting transition of Re-C, Pt-C and Co-C eutectics has been determined to be 2747.84 ± 0.35 K, 2011.43 ± 0.18 K and 1597.39 ± 0.13 K, respectively, and the thermodynamic temperature of the freezing transition of Cu has been determined to be 1357.80 ± 0.08 K, where the ± symbol represents 95% coverage. These results are the best consensus estimates obtained from measurements made using various spectroradiometric primary thermometry techniques by nine different national metrology institutes. The good agreement between the institutes suggests that spectroradiometric thermometry techniques are sufficiently mature (at least in those institutes) to allow the direct realization of thermodynamic temperature above 1234 K (rather than the use of a temperature scale) and that metal-carbon eutectics can be used as high-temperature fixed points for thermodynamic temperature dissemination. The results directly support the developing mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin to include direct measurement of thermodynamic temperature.

Keywords: eutectics; high-temperature fixed points; kelvin; temperature scale; thermodynamic temperature; thermometry.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't