Colitis-associated colorectal neoplasia (CRN) is a well-known complication of chronic inflammation of the colon either with ulcerative colitis (UC) or colonic Crohn's disease (CD). Studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an overall higher risk for colorectal dysplasia and cancer compared to the general population and this risk is further increased by certain associated factors, including extent of disease, duration of disease, and age at onset. In addition, other risk factors not related to IBD can also further increase the risk for CRN, such as a family history of sporadic colon cancer and a concomitant diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. The society guidelines mostly agree on the appropriate time to begin CRN surveillance but vary somewhat on the appropriate intervals between surveillance colonoscopies. In addition, there is not yet a consensus on the appropriate method for surveillance. In this review, we discuss the risk for CRN in colonic IBD, the associated factors that further increase the risk for CRN, the current surveillance guidelines and the current methods available for CRN surveillance.