Stroke Presentation of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection with 100% Perfusion-Weighted Imaging-Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Mismatch: A Call for Urgent Action

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 May;25(5):1280-1283. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.012. Epub 2016 Mar 7.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Acute stroke in the setting of acute type A aortic dissection is not rare and may contraindicate immediate surgery. Evaluating irreversible brain damage is critical in this setting and magnetic resonance imaging is a key determinant in the decision of selecting surgical over medical treatment for these patients.

Summary of cases: We report herein 2 cases assessed at a tertiary care center for acute stroke. The initial diagnosis workup revealed cerebral hemispheric severe hypoperfusion without any brain infarction. The absence of ischemic lesions prompted surgical repair, despite the severity of clinical symptoms. Both patients demonstrated complete neurological recovery and neuroimaging showed no persistent sequel.

Conclusion: Acute type A aortic dissection is an important differential diagnosis in the causative workup for stroke. Brain hypoperfusion alone should not be a contraindication for urgent surgical treatment, regardless of initial clinical neurological severity.

Keywords: Aortic dissection; MRI; ischemic stroke; perfusion–diffusion mismatch.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Aged
  • Aortic Aneurysm / complications
  • Aortic Aneurysm / diagnostic imaging*
  • Aortic Aneurysm / physiopathology
  • Aortic Aneurysm / surgery
  • Aortic Dissection / complications
  • Aortic Dissection / diagnostic imaging*
  • Aortic Dissection / physiopathology
  • Aortic Dissection / surgery
  • Aortography / methods
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation
  • Brain Ischemia / diagnostic imaging*
  • Brain Ischemia / etiology
  • Brain Ischemia / physiopathology
  • Carotid Stenosis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Carotid Stenosis / etiology
  • Carotid Stenosis / physiopathology
  • Cerebrovascular Circulation*
  • Computed Tomography Angiography
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Stroke / diagnostic imaging*
  • Stroke / physiopathology
  • Treatment Outcome