Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation and mecA Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus and Non-S. aureus of Beef Meat Origin in Egypt

Kamelia M Osman; Aziza M Amer; Jihan M Badr; Nashwa M Helmy; Rehab A Elhelw; Ahmed Orabi; Magdy Bakry; Aalaa S A Saad

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00222

Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation and mecA Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus and Non-S. aureus of Beef Meat Origin in Egypt

Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 29:7:222. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00222. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Kamelia M Osman¹, Aziza M Amer², Jihan M Badr³, Nashwa M Helmy⁴, Rehab A Elhelw¹, Ahmed Orabi¹, Magdy Bakry⁵, Aalaa S A Saad³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza, Egypt.
² Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza, Egypt.
³ Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute Cairo, Egypt.
⁴ Departments of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute Giza, Egypt.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, National Research Center Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been found in various farm animal species throughout the world. Yet, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-susceptible non-S. aureus (MS-NSA), and methicillin-resistant non-S. aureus (MR-NSA) were not investigated. Therefore, we persued to determine the diversity in their phenotypic virulence assay, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characterization in one of the food chains in Egypt. Samples were collected during 2013 from beef meat at retail. Twenty seven isolates comprising five species (S. hyicus, S. aureus, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, S. intermedius, and S. lentus) were characterized for their antibiotic resistance phenotypic profile and antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, cfr, gyrA, gyrB, and grlA). Out of the 27 Staphylococcus isolates only one isolate was resistant to the 12 antibiotics representing nine classes. Raw beef meat sold across the Great Cairo zone, contains 66.7% of MRS, with highest prevalence was reported in S. aureus (66.7%), while the MRS non-S. aureus strains constituted 66.7% from which S. hyicus (60%), S. intermedius (33.3%), S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans (100%), and S. lentus (100%) were MRS. Seven S. aureus, six S. hyicus, four S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, three S. intermedius, and one S. lentus isolates although being resistant to oxacillin yet, 11/27 (40.7%) carried the mecA gene. At the same time, the cfr gene was present in 2 of the nine S. aureus isolates, and totally undetectable in S. hyicus, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, S. intermedius, and S. lentus. Although, global researches largely focused into MRSA and MR-NSA in animals on pigs, the analysis of our results stipulates, that buffaloes and cattle could be MRSA dispersers and that this theme is not specific to pigs. Detection of MSSA virulence determinants is a must, as although oxacillin resistance may be absent yet, the MSSA may carry the virulence determinants which could be a source of perilous S. aureus for the human community.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance genes; beef meat; biofilm; methicillin- resistant-susceptible S. aureus; methicillin- resistant-susceptible non-S. aureus.