Social Capital and the Paradox of Poor but Healthy Groups in the United States

J Immigr Minor Health. 2017 Jun;19(3):716-722. doi: 10.1007/s10903-016-0396-0.

Abstract

Increased income strongly correlates with improved health and lower mortality risk. Yet in spite of having a lower mean and median income, both Hispanics and the foreign-born living within the U.S. have higher longevity compared with native-born, non-Hispanics. We explored the role of structural social capital in conferring protection against poor health outcomes among Hispanics and the foreign-born in the US. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988-1994 linked to prospective mortality follow up to examine the relationship between five measures of structural social capital and: (1) intermediate health outcomes (blood pressure, plasma fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and total cholesterol) and (2) a distal outcome (all cause mortality). The foreign-born and Hispanics generally had lower measures of structural social capital relative to native-born non-Hispanics. Additionally, while structural social capital was protective against poor health or mortality among native-born persons, the association disappeared for Hispanics and the foreign-born.

Keywords: Foreign-born; Health; Hispanics; NHANES III; Social capital.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Pressure
  • C-Reactive Protein / analysis
  • Cholesterol / blood
  • Emigrants and Immigrants / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Fibrinogen / analysis
  • Health Status
  • Hispanic or Latino / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Income / statistics & numerical data
  • Life Expectancy / ethnology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality / ethnology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Social Capital*
  • Socioeconomic Factors

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Fibrinogen
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Cholesterol