A practical review of the neuropathology and neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis

Pract Neurol. 2016 Aug;16(4):279-87. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2016-001381. Epub 2016 Mar 23.

Abstract

The variability in the severity and clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) has as its basis an extreme heterogeneity in the location, nature and extent of pathology in the brain and spinal cord. Understanding the underlying neuropathology and associated pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease helps to communicate the rationale for treatment and disease monitoring to patients. Neuroimaging is an important tool for this: it allows clinicians to relate neuropathological changes to clinical presentations and to monitor the course of their disease. Here, we review MS neuropathology and its imaging correlates to provide a practical guide for using MRI to assess disease severity and treatment responses. This provides a foundation for optimal management of patients based on the principle that they show 'no evidence of disease activity'.

Keywords: CLINICAL NEUROLOGY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPATHOLOGY; Neuroimaging.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Brain
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / pathology
  • Nervous System Diseases
  • Neuroimaging