Influence of vitamin C on the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis to p-phenylenediamine

Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jun;74(6):368-72. doi: 10.1111/cod.12576. Epub 2016 Mar 29.

Abstract

Background: Hair dyes represent one of the most important causes of allergic contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cosmetic products. The principal causative chemistry is associated with oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and closely related substances.

Objectives: To examine whether prior application of the antioxidant vitamin C to the skin was able to reduce the cutaneous allergic response to PPD.

Methods: Twenty eight volunteers with a proven history of contact allergy to PPD were recruited. Each was tested with a range of PPD doses and PPD-containing hair dye on untreated skin and skin pretreated for 10 min with a vitamin C formulation.

Results: Pretreatment of skin sites with vitamin C led to a reduction in the intensity, or even ablation, of the cutaneous allergic reaction to PPD in ∼75% of cases as compared with untreated skin.

Conclusions: The results suggest that treatment of the skin adjacent to the hair-bearing area with antioxidant could form part of a strategy to reduce the burden of cosmetic allergic contact dermatitis caused by hair dyeing.

Keywords: allergy reduction; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; hair dye; p-phenylenediamine; vitamin C.

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants / therapeutic use*
  • Ascorbic Acid / therapeutic use*
  • Coloring Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / etiology
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / prevention & control*
  • Hair Dyes / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Patch Tests
  • Phenylenediamines / adverse effects*
  • Premedication / methods
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Coloring Agents
  • Hair Dyes
  • Phenylenediamines
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • 4-phenylenediamine