Objective: To investigate the prevalence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in burn patients, and to explore its influencing factors.
Methods: Clinical data of 2 506 burn patients admitted to our ward from January 2009 to January 2014, conforming to the study criteria, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into DVT group (n=26) and non-DVT group (n=2 480) according to whether or not DVT occurred during hospitalization. The incidence of DVT was calculated. The diagnosis time and type of DVT were recorded. The data of gender, age, depth of burn, total burn area, location of injury, cause of injury, infection of wound, venous transfusion of fluid (hypertonic solution and blood), location of intravenous catheterization, skin grafting, timing of first skin grafting after injury, D-dimer, bedridden duration after injury among patients between two groups were compared with chi-square test and Wilcoxon test. Indexes with statistically significant differences between two groups were selected, and they were processed with multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis to screen the independent risk factors of DVT.
Results: (1) The incidence of DVT was 1.04% (26/2 506). The diagnosis time of DVT was 16-62(40±12)d, and patients diagnosed as having DVT after the 20th day post injury accounted for 92.3% (24/26). All DVT occurred in lower limbs, with 1 case of central type, 24 cases of peripheral type, and 1 case of mixed type. (2) There were no statistically significant differences in gender, location of injury (upper limbs, trunk, head and face), cause of injury, jugular vein catheterization, skin grafting, and timing of first skin grafting after injury among patients between two groups (with χ(2) values from 1.853 to 3.742, Z=3.342, P values above 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in age, depth of burn, total burn area, burn in lower limbs, infection of wound, venous transfusion of hypertonic solution and blood, femoral vein and subclavian vein catheterization, D-dimer, and bedridden duration after injury among patients between two groups (with χ(2) values from 4.569 to 11.324, Z values respectively 7.357 and 7.012, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) Age, total burn area, burn in lower limbs, infection of wound, and D-dimer were the independent risk factors of DVT (with odds ratio respectively 2.904, 2.655, 3.574, 2.786, 3.142, 95% confidence interval respectively 1.504-7.652, 1.368-6.594, 1.958-8.511, 1.459-7.001, 1.922-8.062, P values below 0.05).
Conclusions: The incidence of DVT in burn patients is relatively low; it is diagnosed after the 20th day post injury in most patients, and the overwhelming majority is the peripheral type. Age, total burn area, burn in lower limbs, infection of wound, and D-dimer are the independent risk factors of DVT in burn patients, with which its occurrence could be predicted.