Transduodenal sphincteroplasty was carried out in 237 (24%) of 1002 patients subjected to planned and emergency primary operations for benign lesions of the bile tracts and in 50 (58%) of 86 patients who were operated on for a second time. On the whole, 287 operations for sphincteroplasty accounted for 63% of operations on the hepaticocholedochus. The indications for transduodenal sphincteroplasty (TDSP), its techniques, specific complications, and mortality are discussed on the basis of retrospective analysis of the clinical material. Nineteen patients (6.6%) died after the operation, 11 of them due to a severe initial condition and unspecific postoperative complications. Specific complications were registered in 22 patients and were the cause of death in 8 of them. The author suggests an improved TDSP method which reduces the risk of the occurrence of technical errors and postoperative complications. It is concluded that TDSP is expedient and necessary in choledocholithiasis and stenosis of Oddi's sphincter.