Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis

PLoS One. 2016 Apr 4;11(4):e0152925. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152925. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Highly reactive oxygen free radicals are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, RA patients were sub-grouped depending upon the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor, disease activity score and disease duration. RA Patients (120) and healthy controls (53) were evaluated for the oxidant-antioxidant status by monitoring ROS production, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage. The level of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was also monitored. Correlation analysis was also performed for analysing the association between ROS and various other parameters.

Methods: Intracellular ROS formation, lipid peroxidation (MDA level), protein oxidation (carbonyl level and thiol level) and DNA damage were detected in the blood of RA patients. Antioxidant status was evaluated by FRAP assay, DPPH reduction assay and enzymatic (SOD, catalase, GST, GR) and non-enzymatic (vitamin C and GSH) antioxidants.

Results: RA patients showed a higher ROS production, increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage. A significant decline in the ferric reducing ability, DPPH radical quenching ability and the levels of antioxidants has also been observed. Significant correlation has been found between ROS and various other parameters studied.

Conclusion: RA patients showed a marked increase in ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage and decrease in the activity of antioxidant defence system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / diagnosis
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / genetics
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / immunology
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / metabolism*
  • Biomarkers
  • Case-Control Studies
  • DNA Damage
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lipid Peroxidation
  • Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oxidative Stress*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*
  • Rheumatoid Factor / blood
  • Rheumatoid Factor / metabolism
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Rheumatoid Factor

Grants and funding

The authors have no support or funding to report.