Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Mar 21;8(12):18699-18711.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8627.

Association of coffee consumption with risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Yong Gan  1 , Jiang Wu  2 , Shengchao Zhang  2 , Liqing Li  1   3 , Shiyi Cao  1 , Naomie Mkandawire  1 , Kun Ji  4 , Chulani Herath  1 , Chao Gao  5 , Hong Xu  1 , Yanfeng Zhou  1 , Xingyue Song  1 , Shanquan Chen  6 , Yawen Chen  1 , Tingting Yang  1 , Jing Li  1 , Yan Qiao  1 , Sai Hu  1 , Xiaoxv Yin  1 , Zuxun Lu  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Association of coffee consumption with risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Yong Gan et al. Oncotarget. .

Abstract

A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of coffee consumption with colorectal cancer and to investigate the shape of the association. Relevant prospective cohort studies were identified by a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from their inception through August 2015. Either a random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates when appropriate. Linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses were also performed. Nineteen prospective cohort studies involving 2,046,575 participants and 22,629 patients with colorectal cancer were included. The risk of colon cancer was decreased by 7% for every 4 cups per day of coffee (RR=0.93, 95%CI, 0.88-0.99; P=0.199). There was a threshold approximately five cups of coffee per day, and the inverse association for colorectal cancer appeared to be stronger at a higher range of intake. However, a nonlinear association of rectal cancer with coffee consumption was not observed (P for nonlinearity = 0.214). In conclusion, coffee consumption is significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer at ≥ 5 cups per day of coffee consumption. The findings support the recommendations of including coffee as a healthy beverage for the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Keywords: coffee; colorectal cancer; epidemiology; meta-analysis; prospective cohort.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

We declare that we have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Screening and selection process of studies investigating effect of coffee consumption on colorectal cancer
Figure 2
Figure 2. Pooled random effects relative risk (95% CI) of colorectal cancer comparing highest with lowest coffee consumption levels
Figure 3
Figure 3. Risk of colorectal cancer associated with per 4 cups/day in coffee consumption
Figure 4
Figure 4. Dose-response relation plots between coffee consumption (cup/day) and the risk of colorectal cancer
Figure 5
Figure 5. Pooled random effects relative risk (95% CI) of colon cancer comparing highest with lowest coffee consumption levels
Figure 6
Figure 6. Risk of colon cancer associated with per 4 cups/day in coffee consumption
Figure 7
Figure 7. Dose-response relation plots between coffee consumption (cup/day) and the risk of colon cancer
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2015;65:87–108. - PubMed
    1. Kono S. Secular trend of colon cancer incidence and mortality in relation to fat and meat intake in Japan. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2004;13:127–132. - PubMed
    1. Kolonel LN. Cancer patterns of four ethnic groups in Hawaii. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1980;65:1127–1139. - PubMed
    1. Armstrong B, Doll R. Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices. International journal of cancer. 1975;15:617–631. - PubMed
    1. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research . Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research; 2011. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective.

Publication types