Urine AQP5 is a potential novel biomarker of diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

Aims: To investigate if urinary AQP5 serves as a new potential biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Using an AQP5-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured serum and urine AQP5 first in a cohort consisting of normal controls (n=26) and patients with diabetes mellitus (n=25) or diabetic nephropathy (n=33) and then in a validation cohort possessing normal controls (n=10), patients with diabetes mellitus (n=10) or diabetic nephropathy (n=14), and patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (n=10). We used various statistical methods including Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA with Holm-Sidak test, Receiver Operator Curve, and multiple logistic regression to analyze the data.

Results: Urine AQP5/creatinine 1) is significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy than in other two groups, and in diabetic nephropathy stage V than in stage III; 2) correlates with serum creatinine, urine albumin, and multiple other known risk factors of the disease; and 3) improves the clinical models in distinguishing diabetic nephropathy from normal controls and diabetic mellitus.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that urine AQP5/creatinine may possess diagnostic and prognostic values as a biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Diabetes; Gene expression; Kidney biopsy; Urinary biomarker; Water channels.