Proteomic dissection of LPS-inducible, PHF8-dependent secretome reveals novel roles of PHF8 in TLR4-induced acute inflammation and T cell proliferation

Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 26:6:24833. doi: 10.1038/srep24833.

Abstract

Endotoxin (LPS)-induced changes in histone lysine methylation contribute to the gene-specific transcription for control of inflammation. Still unidentified are the chromatin regulators that drive the transition from a transcriptional-repressive to a transcriptional-active chromatin state of pro-inflammatory genes. Here, using combined approaches to analyze LPS-induced changes in both gene-specific transcription and protein secretion to the extracellular compartment, we characterize novel functions of the lysine demethylase PHF8 as a pro-inflammatory, gene-specific chromatin regulator. First, in the LPS-induced, acute-inflamed macrophages, PHF8 knockdown led to both a reduction of pro-inflammatory factors and an increase in a transcriptional-repressive code (H3K9me2) written by the methyltransferase G9a. Through unbiased quantitative secretome screening we discovered that LPS induces the secretion of a cluster of PHF8-dependent, 'tolerizable' proteins that are related to diverse extracellular pathways/processes including those for the activation of adaptive immunity. Specifically, we determined that PHF8 promotes T-cell activation and proliferation, thus providing the first link between the epigenetic regulation of inflammation and adaptive immunity. Further, we found that, in the acute-inflamed macrophages, the acute-active PHF8 opposes the H3K9me1/2-writing activity of G9a to activate specific protein secretions that are suppressed by G9a in the endotoxin-tolerant cells, revealing the inflammatory-phenotypic chromatin drivers that regulate the gene-specific chromatin plasticity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Animals
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects*
  • Chemokines / genetics
  • Chemokines / metabolism
  • Chromatin / metabolism
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Epigenesis, Genetic / drug effects
  • Histone Demethylases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Histone Demethylases / genetics
  • Histone Demethylases / metabolism*
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / metabolism
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Inflammation / pathology*
  • Lipopolysaccharides / toxicity*
  • Macrophages / cytology
  • Macrophages / drug effects
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Methylation / drug effects
  • Mice
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Phosphopeptides / analysis
  • Protein Phosphatase 2C / metabolism
  • Proteomics*
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factors / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Chemokines
  • Chromatin
  • Cytokines
  • Histones
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • NF-kappa B
  • Phosphopeptides
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • Transcription Factors
  • Histone Demethylases
  • PHF8 protein, mouse
  • G9a protein, mouse
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
  • Protein Phosphatase 2C