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Review
. 2016 May;19(2):347-60.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.01.010.

Basic Shock Physiology and Critical Care

Brian K Roberts  1
Affiliations
Review

Basic Shock Physiology and Critical Care

Brian K Roberts. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2016 May.

Abstract

Veterinarians practicing emergency medicine and/or working with exotic animals must be well versed in the pathophysiology of shock because many exotic pets present with an acute crisis or an acute manifestation of a chronic process causing poor organ perfusion. This article discusses the pathophysiology of shock and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which may lead to organ dysfunction, organ failure, sepsis, and death. The physiology of perfusion, perfusion measurements, categories of shock, and altered function of the immune system, gastrointestinal barrier, and coagulation system are discussed. Veterinarians providing emergency care to patients with shock must also be aware of comorbidities.

Keywords: Critical care; Exotic animals; Physiology; Shock.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Perfusion dynamics.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Compensatory mechanisms of shock.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
SIRS cascade. IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide; Macro, macrophage; PAMPS, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PMNs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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