Perception of hand movement by mirror reflection evokes brain activation in the motor cortex contralateral to a non-moving hand

Cortex. 2016 Aug:81:118-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.015. Epub 2016 Apr 27.

Abstract

We investigated whether perception of hand movement via mirror reflection evokes activation in the motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the non-moving hand (the M1 ipsilateral to the moving hand). Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 14 participants while they performed unimanual extension-flexion hand movements in direct view and mirror view conditions. We measured the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) as a marker of M1 activation in both conditions. Both the direct and mirror view conditions produced LRPs, with the mirror view conditions revealing clear activation in M1 contralateral to the non-moving hand (ipsilateral to the moving hand) during both flexion and extension phases. This unambiguous demonstration of M1 activation in association with a non-moving hand (which is visually-perceived as moving), suggests that perception of movement can directly lead to M1 activation.

Keywords: Event related potential; Lateralized readiness potential; Mirror visual feedback; Motor cortex; Visual perception.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Brain Mapping / methods
  • Contingent Negative Variation / physiology*
  • Electroencephalography / methods
  • Electromyography / methods
  • Female
  • Functional Laterality / physiology*
  • Hand / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Motor Cortex / physiology*
  • Movement / physiology*
  • Perception / physiology*