Exome sequencing of extreme clopidogrel response phenotypes identifies B4GALT2 as a determinant of on-treatment platelet reactivity

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Sep;100(3):287-94. doi: 10.1002/cpt.401. Epub 2016 Jun 20.

Abstract

Interindividual variability in platelet aggregation is common among patients treated with clopidogrel and both high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) and low on-treatment platelet reactivity (LTPR) increase risks for adverse clinical outcomes. CYP2C19 influences clopidogrel response but only accounts for ∼12% of the variability in platelet reactivity. To identify novel variants implicated in on-treatment platelet reactivity, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with extreme pharmacodynamic responses to clopidogrel and wild-type CYP2C19 were subjected to exome sequencing. Candidate variants that clustered in the LTPR subgroup subsequently were genotyped across the discovery cohort (n = 636). Importantly, carriers of B4GALT2 c.909C>T had lower on-treatment P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs; P = 0.0077) and residual platelet aggregation (P = 0.0008) compared with noncarriers, which remained significant after adjusting for CYP2C19 and other clinical variables in both the discovery (P = 0.0298) and replication (n = 160; PRU: P = 0.0001) cohorts. B4GALT2 is a platelet-expressed galactosyltransferase, indicating that B4GALT2 c.909C>T may influence clopidogrel sensitivity through atypical cell-surface glycoprotein processing and platelet adhesion.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aspirin / administration & dosage
  • Blood Platelets / drug effects*
  • Clopidogrel
  • Coronary Artery Disease / drug therapy
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / genetics*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Exome
  • Female
  • Galactosyltransferases / genetics*
  • Genotype
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phenotype
  • Pilot Projects
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Ticlopidine / administration & dosage
  • Ticlopidine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Ticlopidine / pharmacology

Substances

  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Clopidogrel
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19
  • B4GALT2 protein, human
  • Galactosyltransferases
  • Ticlopidine
  • Aspirin