Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Juan J Lado; Terri H Lipman

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.01.002

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2016 Jun;45(2):453-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.01.002. Epub 2016 Apr 7.

Authors

Juan J Lado¹, Terri H Lipman²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
² Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: lipman@nursing.upenn.edu.

PMID: 27241975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.01.002

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the third most common chronic childhood disease in the United States. As more Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children are diagnosed with T1DM, racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment and outcomes of T1DM are increasing. This article reviews the increasing incidence and prevalence of T1DM in non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic children. In addition, the racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes treatment, such as blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, and continuous glucose monitoring, and outcomes, including glycemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and diabetes-related mortality, are highlighted.

Keywords: Children; Disparities; Incidence; Outcomes; Treatment; Type 1 diabetes.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Black or African American
Blood Glucose
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / ethnology*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / therapy*
Health Status Disparities*
Hispanic or Latino
Humans
Incidence
Insulin
Treatment Outcome
United States
White People

Substances

Blood Glucose
Insulin